A comprehensive review of wheat phytochemicals: From farm to fork and beyond

The health benefits of whole wheat consumption can be partially attributed to wheat's phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkylresorcinols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. It is of increasing interest to produce whole wheat products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals. This review provides the fundamentals of the chemistry, extraction, and occurrence of wheat phytochemicals and includes critical discussion of several long-lasting issues: (1) the commonly used nomenclature on distribution of wheat phenolic acids, namely, soluble-free, soluble-conjugated, and insoluble-bound phenolic acids; (2) different extraction protocols for wheat phytochemicals; and (3) the chemistry and application of in vitro antioxidant assays. This review further discusses recent advances on the effects of genotypes, environments, field management, and processing techniques including ultrafine grinding, germination, fermentation, enzymatic treatments, thermal treatments, and food processing. These results need to be interpreted with care due to varied sample preparation protocols and limitations of in vitro assays. The bioaccessibility, bioavailability, metabolism, and potential health benefits of wheat phytochemicals are also reviewed. This comprehensive and critical review will benefit scientific researchers in the field of bioactive compounds of cereal grains and also those in the cereal food industry to produce high-quality functional foods.     

Neurological and Epigenetic Implications of Nutritional Deficiencies on Psychopathology: Conceptualization and Review of Evidence

In recent years, a role for epigenetic modifications in the pathophysiology of disease has received significant attention. Many studies are now beginning to explore the gene–environment interactions, which may mediate early-life exposure to risk factors, such as nutritional deficiencies and later development of behavioral problems in children and adults. In this paper, we review the current literature on the role of epigenetics in the development of psychopathology, with a specific focus on the potential for epigenetic modifications to link nutrition and brain development. We propose a conceptual framework whereby epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation) mediate the link between micro- and macro-nutrient deficiency early in life and brain dysfunction (e.g., structural aberration, neurotransmitter perturbation), which has been linked to development of behavior problems later on in life.     

锌阳极泥制取碳酸锰的研究

以电解锌产生的阳极泥为原料，用≤０．２４６ｍｍ褐煤粉作还原剂，过量５０％，焙烧温度７５０℃，时间８ｈ，此时９０％以上的四价锰还原为二价锰，还原后的焙烧粉经２．０４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸浸出，浸出液用硫化钠除重金属后用碳酸氢铵进行复分解反应，制得优质的工业碳酸锰，浸锰后的铅、银渣、配入硫化铅精矿后进行火法熔炼，制成粗铅（含银）。     

我国西部弱还原程度煤分布及煤质特征研究

以详实的原始测试数据为资料,分析了我国西部弱还原程度煤的煤岩、煤质总体特征.研究表明,与同变质程度的其它地区煤相比,西北侏罗纪弱还原程度煤中惰质组及过渡组分含量较高,导致其挥发分产率较低,氢含量低、氧含量相对较高,黏结性较弱,煤种以不黏煤和弱黏煤为主.沉积环境的弱还原程度主要对中低变质程度烟煤的性质有明显影响.     

Waste Stabilization Ponds: A Viable Alternative for Small Community Treatment Systems

Waste stabilization ponds are widely used in many European countries, such as France and Germany, for the treatment of wastewater from mainly small communities. There would seem to be no reason why they should not also be a suitable treatment process for populations of under 2000 in the UK. The relative advantages and disadvantages of ponds are compared to other small community treatment systems, such as rotary biological contactors, biological filters and reed-bed systems, particularly in relation to effluent standards with respect to algae, nutrient removal and relative costs.     

从《哲学树》到“哲学树”：关联性文化 景观自然原型象征意义的解读途径研究

“关联性文化景观”中“自然元素”与其“非物质 要素”的结合方式因高度抽象的表达及多样的意义生成背景， 其阐释途径的合理解读具有复杂性，对之进行解读是揭示“关 联性文化景观”的重要途径之一。首先以分析心理学派代表人 物荣格《哲学树》中的11幅心理绘画“树原型”作为研究材 料，通过总结普适性的“还原性文本”，分析其叙事文本、意 指作用、隐喻关系；进而揭示其蕴含的人类视野中宏大的“世 界树原型象征”，通过文化升华后的“原型象征”进一步阐释 人类对“自然元素”的意义加工和修饰；最终得以形成超越 “自然元素”单纯本体的“哲学树”。并以此建构理解“关联 性文化景观”自然原型象征意义的途径，指出人类通过意识形 态下基于个人或集体的精神世界中“自然元素”印刻在“还原 性文本”中的方式，具象化“非物质要素”与“自然元素”动 态呈现关系在“关联性文化景观”语境下的表达方式，为解读 其他“关联性文化景观”原型象征的诸多意义提供参考。     

Water quality and diatom communities in two catalan rivers (N.E. Spain)

Benthic diatom assemblages have been used to evaluate the water quality of two rivers subjected to marked human influences. These rivers, the Llobregat and the Ter, are located in N.E. Spain, and supply water for industrial, agricultural and urban requirements of roughly three million people. The diatom communities in the headwaters are similar in both rivers (Achnanthes minutissima, Cymbella ventricosa, Gomphonema anguslatum). Species of Navicula, Nitzschia and Gomphonema develop in the middle reaches of both rivers when not disrupted by extraneous factors. In the river Ter significant pollution modifies this community and Nitzschia palea, Nitzschia gandersheimiensis and Gomphonema parvulum appear as the most tolerant species. In the Llobregat, the pollution from the salt mine operations also modifies the diatom assemblage and Nitzschia frustulum, Surirella ovata, Navicula atomus are the most abundant species. Reservoirs in the river Ter improve the quality of water and a community of Fragilaria sp. pl. becomes dominant downstream.