大连市不同海产品中副溶血性弧菌污染的健康风险分级研究

目的对大连市不同海产品中副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus, VP)污染的健康风险进行分级和评价。方法 2017年1～10月,在大连市10个县市区分层随机采集4类944份常见海产品。依据GB 4789.7—2013《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验副溶血性弧菌检验》进行海产品中VP定量检测,使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法进行VP毒力基因检测;采用食物频率法获得各类海产品的消费量数据;利用专家咨询法获得海产品交叉污染和烹调习惯参数;采用快速微生物定量风险评估(sQMRA)方法,对4类海产品中致病性VP的健康风险进行分级。结果甲壳类导致人体感染致病性VP发病风险和年发病例数最高,分别为3.5×10~(-6)和2 799.3例。鱼类导致人体感染致病性VP发病风险和年发病例数居第二位,分别为1.1×10~(-6)和1 304.4例。海产品导致人群VP发病的主要途径为交叉污染。结论应关注大连市甲壳类中VP对人群的致病风险,重点控制海产品在加工处理过程中VP的交叉污染。     

中国省际绿色技术创新效率测度及影响因素研究

文章基于2011—2017年中国30个省份面板数据，运用super-SBM模型对绿色技术创新效率进行测算，并利用ML指数对绿色技术创新效率进行动态分析，最后通过空间滞后模型分析影响效率的关键因素。研究结果表明：中国绿色技术创新效率呈逐渐增长的趋势，但整体效率偏低，有较大进步空间；中国绿色技术创新效率存在明显区域差异，呈现由东部向西部递减的格局；绿色技术创新水平的提高是技术效率和技术进步共同贡献的结果；产业结构、区域开放程度和教育水平对绿色技术创新效率产生积极的正向影响，环境规制和研发投入强度对绿色技术创新效率影响不显著。     

不同来源虾青素提取、纯化及定量检测方法的研究进展

虾青素是一种较强的天然抗氧化剂,能有效淬灭单线态氧和清除自由基,减少氧化对组织细胞和DNA损伤的能力,能有效防治相关的疾病,还可用作鱼类和家禽饲料的添加剂,改善皮肤和肌肉颜色、提高繁殖能力、增加营养及商品价值,在饲料、食品、医药及化妆品等领域具有广泛的应用。天然虾青素存在于虾蟹外壳、牡蛎、鲑鱼及藻类和真菌中,其存在形态和结构存在差异。由于虾青素有3种光学异构体、多种几何异构体,且极易与脂肪酸结合形成虾青素单酯、虾青素双酯,导致虾青素的结构复杂多样,对虾青素的分析存在许多困难和挑战。本文从虾青素的结构、应用、破壁方法、提取纯化及定量检测方法等方面,对不同来源的虾青素进行了概述,以期为虾青素资源的深入研究和开发利用提供参考。     

胶体金免疫层析法定量检测鱼和虾中苯巴比妥残留

建立了一种快速定量检测水产品鱼和虾中苯巴比妥残留的胶体金免疫层析方法。采用胶体金纳米粒标记苯巴比妥单克隆抗体,研究了胶体金免疫层析条件如标记体系p H值、标记抗体浓度、检测T线包被原浓度、质控C线羊抗鼠Ig G浓度、样品前处理方法等对胶体金灵敏度的影响,并借助胶体金试纸条读数仪进行定量检测。结果表明:方法检出限为0.07 ng/mL,线性范围0.08～0.94ng/m L,裸眼消线值(cut-off值)为10.0 ng/mL。方法特异性良好,与巴比妥、戊巴比妥、异戊巴比妥三种结构类似物交叉反应率小于10%。选择罗非鱼、草鱼、鲈鱼和虾进行添加回收试验,样品回收率在73.50%～114.17%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%,且结果与UPLC-MS/MS法一致。该方法具有准确、灵敏、简便、快速等特点,非常适用于水产品鱼和虾中苯巴比妥残留现场快速筛查。     

Detection of quantitative trait loci and putative causal variants affecting somatic cell score in dairy sheep by using a 50K SNP chip and whole-genome sequencing

This study presents a scan of the ovine genome to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing the somatic cell score (SCS), a classical indicator of subclinical mastitis in sheep, and a subsequent high-resolution analysis of one of the identified QTL regions based on the analysis of whole-genome sequence data sets. A half-sib commercial population of Churra sheep genotyped with a 50K SNP chip was analyzed using linkage analysis (LA) and combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA). By LA, 2 5% chromosome-wide significant QTL on OAR5 and OAR25 and one 5% genome-wide significant QTL on ovine chromosome 20 (OAR20) were detected, whereas 22 significant associations were identified by LDLA. Two of the associations detected by LDLA replicated LA-detected effects (OAR20, OAR25). We compared the detected associations with previously reported QTL in sheep and cattle, and functional candidate genes were identified within the estimated confidence intervals. We then performed a high-resolution analysis of the OAR20 QTL region, the most significant QTL region identified by LA that replicated a QTL previously described in Churra sheep for SCS using microsatellite markers. For that, 2 segregating trios of 2 segregating families for the OAR20 QTL (each including the Qq sire and 2 daughters, QQ and qq) were selected for whole-genome sequencing. The bioinformatic analysis of the 6 sequenced samples performed across the genomic interval considered (14.2–41.7 Mb) identified a total of 227,030 variants commonly identified by 2 independent software packages. For the 3 different concordance tests considered, due to discrepancies regarding the QTL peak in the segregating families, the list of mutations concordant with the QTL segregating pattern was processed to identify the variants identified in immune-related genes that show a moderate/high impact on the encoded protein function. Among a list of 85 missense variants concordant with the QTL segregation pattern that were within candidate immune-related genes, 13 variants distributed across 7 genes [PKHD1, NOTCH4, AGER, ENSOARG00000009395 (HLA-C, Homo sapiens), ENSOARG00000015002 (HLA-B, H. sapiens), MOG, and ENSOARG00000018075 (BoLA, Bos taurus, orthologous to human HLA-A] were predicted to cause deleterious effects on protein function. Future studies should assess the possible associations of the candidate variants identified herein in commercial populations with indicator traits of udder inflammation (SCS, clinical mastitis).     

Quantitative PCR coupled with sodium dodecyl sulfate and propidium monoazide for detection of viable Staphylococcus aureus in milk

Conventional quantitative PCR (qPCR) are unable to differentiate DNA of viable Staphylococcus aureus cells from dead ones. The aim of this study was to use sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and propidium monoazide (PMA) coupled with lysostaphin to detect viable Staph. aureus. The cell suspensions were treated with SDS and PMA before DNA extraction. The SDS is an anionic surfactant, which can increase the permeability of dead cells to PMA without compromising the viability of live cells. The lysostaphin was applied to improve the effectiveness of DNA extraction. The reliability and specificity of this method were further determined by the detection of Staph. aureus in spiked milk. The results showed that there were significant differences between the SDS-PMA-qPCR and qPCR when a final concentration of 200 μg/mL of lysostaphin was added in DNA extraction. The viable Staph. aureus could be effectively detected when SDS and PMA concentrations were 100 µg/mL and 40 μM, respectively. Compared with conventional qPCR, the SDS-PMA-qPCR assay coupled with lysostaphin was more specific and sensitive. Therefore, this method could accurately detect the number of viable Staph. aureus cells.     

基于傅里叶变换近红外光谱法鉴别五常大米

为保护五常大米的品牌效益,利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱法(Fouriertransformnearinfraredspectroscopy,FTNIS)结合化学计量学分析法对来自五常地区和非五常地区共计191份大米样品进行产地鉴别研究,结果表明:利用因子化法结合FTNIS技术所建立的鉴别分析模型对五常地区大米的鉴别正确率为100%,非五常地域的大米鉴别正确率为97.50%;利用聚类分析模型判别,对五常大米的判别正确率为100%,非五常大米判别正确率为100%。利用偏最小二乘法结合FTNIS建立的定量分析模型对五常大米判别正确率为95.83%,非五常大米判别正确率为95.00%。通过以上研究结果可知FTNIS法对五常大米产地鉴别是可行的。