基于心理图式的知识挖掘与创新设计——以国庆彩车设计为例

为了提高设计创新效率,本研究基于心理图式提出了国庆彩车的设计程序与方法。研究按照浅层、中层和深层的次序递进,设计心理图式划分为“造型图式”“叙事与动作图式”以及“人物和情感图式”的基本类别,并提出了综合性、时态性、差异性和集体性四类基本属性。而后结合新中国成立70周年彩车设计,对不同心理图式的应用方法和属性进行了案例分析。本文所提出的方法在设计实践中得到了实证,具有一定的实用价值。     

Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age, gender and socio-economic status?

Background

A number of studies have examined the relationship between high ambient temperature and mortality. Recently, concern has arisen about whether this relationship is modified by socio-demographic factors. However, data for this type of study is relatively scarce in subtropical/tropical regions where people are well accustomed to warm temperatures.

Objective

To investigate whether the relationship between daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality is modified by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) in Brisbane, Australia.

Methods

We obtained daily mean temperature and all-cause mortality data for Brisbane, Australia during 1996-2004. A generalised additive model was fitted to assess the percentage increase in all deaths with every one degree increment above the threshold temperature. Different age, gender and SES groups were included in the model as categorical variables and their modification effects were estimated separately.

Results

A total of 53,316 non-external deaths were included during the study period. There was a clear increasing trend in the harmful effect of high temperature on mortality with age. The effect estimate among women was more than 20 times that among men. We did not find an SES effect on the percent increase associated with temperature.

Conclusions

The effects of high temperature on all deaths were modified by age and gender but not by SES in Brisbane, Australia.     

基于相似日的节假日燃气短期负荷预测

分析了燃气负荷的形状相似、趋势相似和特征相似,根据节假日燃气负荷的特点,提出基于相似日的节假日负荷预测方法。以前趋势相似性和日特征相似性为原则,在燃气负荷历史数据库中选择若干相似日,以相似日作为样本采用神经网络方法进行预测。实例证明该方法具有良好的预测精度。     

Eye care professionals’ perceptions of the benefits of daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses

PurposeTo gain a better understanding of eye care professionals’ (ECPs) perceptions regarding the benefits of silicone hydrogel (SiH) daily disposable contact lenses (DDCL), particularly with respect to health, comfort and patient satisfaction.MethodsA survey was conducted with 300 ECPs in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan during November 2017. The survey comprised 34 statements relating to SiH DDCLs, to which the ECPs provided their level of agreement using a 6 point Likert scale. A minimum of 70% agreement was set to define majority agreement. Categories of statements included Health, Comfort, Patient Experience, and Standard of Care.ResultsECPs rated the highest levels of agreement to perceptions within the Patient Experiences and Health categories. The six statements receiving the highest ratings were “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses satisfy today’s patients’ demanding lifestyles” (93% agreement); “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses are the best choice to safeguard my patients’ eye health related to contact lens wear” (92%); “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses provide the best benefits to my patients” (92%); “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses provide better long term eye health for my patients than hydrogel 1 day lenses” (91%); “Silicone hydrogel is the healthiest lens material for my daily disposable patients” (90%); and “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses provide a better wearing experience for my patients than hydrogel 1 day lenses” (90%).ConclusionECPs perceive that SiH DDCLs offer long-term eye health and comfort for the patient and although the ECPs surveyed would not necessarily prescribe SiH DDCLs to all their patients, they would prescribe them to most of their patients. The results support the premise that while ECPs consider SiH 1 day contact lenses as the current “standard of care”; the principal barrier continues to be the perceived higher cost of these lenses.     

Effectiveness of UK motorway services areas in reducing sleep-related and other collisions

In the UK, motorway service areas (MSAs) are believed to be helpful in reducing sleep (‘fatigue’) related collisions (SRCs), however, their actual effectiveness has yet to be evaluated. During a 2-3-year period, and over two sections of UK motorways comprising 14 MSA sites, assessments were undertaken of all fatal and injury road traffic collisions (RTCs), especially SRCs. Analyses examined whether there was: (i) a reduction in collisions 16 km beyond MSAs compared with the same distance beforehand; (ii) accumulation of collisions with increasing inter-MSA distances. Within the 16 km regions there was a non-significant fall in all RTCs from 355 before MSAs, to 304 afterwards. However, the 22% decrease in SRCs (108 vs. 84) was significant. Cars comprised the greatest reduction in SRCs possibly attributable to a MSA. Including and beyond these 16 km regions, there was no correlation between inter-MSA distances and accumulated RTCs or SRCs (n = 682 of which 181 were SRCs [26%]). There were obvious differences between MSAs in all these respects. Of the 23 fatal RTCs, 17 were SRCs. Whilst SRCs had their greatest daily incidence between 02:00 h and 06:00 h, as expected, MSAs seemed to have their least beneficial effect on SRCs during this vulnerable period, which is a matter for concern.     

A review on the clad failure studies

In this paper, an attempt has been made to systematically organize the research investigations conducted on clad tube failure, so far. Before presenting the review on the clad failure studies, an introduction to different clad materials has been added, in which the effect of alloying elements on the material properties have been presented. The literature on clad failure has been broadly categorized under the headings LOCA and RIA. The failure mechanisms like creep, corrosion and pellet-clad interaction have been discussed in details. Each subsection of the review has been provided with summary table, in which the studies are arranged in the chronological order. A small section on acceptance criteria for ECCS has also been included. The last section of the review has been dedicated to the core-degradation phenomena.     

湖南省雷电活动及其规律的分析

地闪活动规律是防雷工程中重要的基础资料,可以为输电线路路经的选择及采取有效的防雷措施提供参考依据。为掌握湖南省雷电活动及其规律,根据湖南省雷电定位系统2002—2010年共9a的雷电数据,统计分析了湖南的雷电流强度概率分布;结合气象观测站1997—2003年雷暴日观测记录,利用地理信息系统（GIS）,采用网格法统计不同...     

光导管照明系统设计及工程应用

从天然采光的理念着手,介绍了光导管照明系统的概念,对系统中各部件的构成作了简要说明,并对光导管系统与传统照明的节能进行了分析比较。结合某工程现场要求,提出光导管照明系统设计思路和方案,并实际投入应用,随后对不同时段及不同天气条件下光导管照明效果进行测评及分析。结合工程实际状况及局限性,对工程上光导管系统设计及广泛应用提出建议,以期为同行提供参考。     

Photobleaching with phloxine B sensitizer to reduce food matrix interference for detection of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in fresh spinach by flow cytometry

A flow cytometric method (RAPID-B™) with detection sensitivity of one viable cell of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 in fresh spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was developed and evaluated. The major impediment to achieving this performance was mistaking autofluorescing spinach particles for tagged target cells. Following a 5 h non-selective enrichment, artificially inoculated samples were photobleached, using phloxine B as a photosensitizer. Samples were centrifuged at high speed to concentrate target cells, then gradient centrifuged to separate them from matrix debris. In external laboratory experiments, RAPID-B and the reference method both correctly detected E. coli O157:H7 at inoculations of ca. 15 cells. In a follow-up study, after 4 cell inoculations of positives and 6 h enrichment, RAPID-B correctly identified 92% of 25 samples. The RAPID-B method limit of detection (LOD) was one cell in 25 g. It proved superior to the reference method (which incorporated real time-PCR, selective enrichment, and culture plating elements) in accuracy and speed.     

2011年11月十大重要安全漏洞分析

国家计算机网络入侵防范中心在该文中介绍了2011年11月份的网络安全漏洞的整体情况,分别统计了“紧急”、“高”、“中”、“低”不同威胁级别的漏洞数量,并从中选取了十个重要安全漏洞,对其内容和危害进行了分析,进而提出了应对的措施.