Numerical and theoretical study of particle saltation on an obliquely oscillating plate

Particle saltation on an obliquely oscillating plate is simulated using a mass-point model that considers gravity, fluid resistance, restitution, and friction. The calculated results are in good agreement with results obtained experimentally for particles with different diameters and restitutions. A large particle with high restitution bounces forward and backward repeatedly, whereas a particle with low restitution only bounces forward and consequently has a high transport velocity. The mechanism for the difference in the motion of the particles can be explained by taking into account the phase angle of the oscillating plate and the impulse during particle collision.     

基于炮口脉冲噪声信号的射速测试方法研究

根据炮口脉冲噪声与发射弹序相一致的特性,提出了从脉冲噪声测试曲线中提取弹丸发射速度的非接触式测试方法。通过采用小波分解对火炮脉冲噪声测试曲线进行分析,自动识别弹序和计算射击速度;通过仿真3 种典型单发炮口脉冲噪声信号,分析了测试最大射速及其影响因素;对某自动步枪射击实验进行了分析,研究了测试位置对测试结果的影响。仿真和试验表明,本方法可获取火炮真实射速,测试射速能达到10 000 发/ min 以上,具有判别准确率高、操作方便等特点。     

床面推移质颗粒跃移过程的水槽试验研究

推移质泥沙颗粒的跃移是河流泥沙运动的重要形式.为了研究推移质颗粒跃移运动参数的变化规律,在水槽试验中采用高速摄像技术,观测7种工况条件下,0.3～1.7 mm粒径的推移质颗粒的跃移运动形态,提取颗粒跃移运动的时空信息,分析了泥沙颗粒跃移距离和跃移高度的变化规律.结果 表明,相对跃移高度和相对跃移距离的概率密度分布函数均...     

Boundary saltation and minimum pressure velocities in particle-gas systems

The saltation velocity is one of the key design parameters in pneumatic conveying systems. The aim of this work is to experimentally study the mechanism of saltation. Experiments were carried out with various spherical and non-spherical particles in a small wind tunnel with very dilute flow. For each velocity the distribution of halted particles along the tunnel bottom was measured. From this length distribution, the median length was determined and used for further analysis. It was found that the median conveying length approaches infinity at a certain threshold velocity. By testing many materials the boundary saltation velocity followed a simple correlation of the modified Reynolds number as a function of the modified Archimedes number. The conveying length was an accumulation of three lengths: the first flight length, the rebound length, which is affected by the coefficient of restitution, and the rolling/sliding length, which is affected by the coefficient of friction. By analyzing these lengths, the total conveying length and the boundary saltation velocity were easily defined. Furthermore, as the velocities at minimum pressure velocities (referred to in the paper as the minimum pressure velocities) have been found to follow the same trend as the boundary saltation velocity if the solid concentration is taken into account, our simple correlation can describe by ± 30% all the relevant experiments found in the literature.     

数学形态学算子在电力系统突变信号检测中应用

数学形态学是一种非线性图象(信号)处理和分析工具,对信号特征的提取完全在时域中进行,信号的相位移和幅值特征不会变化。详细介绍了一维情况下灰度形态变换、形态学算子构造的滤波器和提取暂态突变特征等。应用电力系统暂态仿真软件PSCAD/EMTDC,仿真结果表明,在选择合适结构元素的条件下,数学形态算子有很好的滤波功能,对突变信号的检测具有速度快、时延小、易于分辨等特点。     

明槽水流的非均匀沙挟沙力研究

本文从床沙、推移质及悬移质互相交换、衔接的物理图形出发，在力学、随机及紊动扩散分析基础上，提出了颗粒跃移及推移质、悬移质和全沙统一的新的非均匀沙挟沙力公式。文中公布了新近试验取得的57组非均匀沙挟沙力水槽资料，分析提出了反映混合沙中粗细颗粒互相影响的系数的关系，提出了悬移层与推移层交界面高度及浓度预报新的初步关系.应用本文提出的挟沙力系列公式计算验证了大量天然河流及水槽实测分组和总挟沙力资料，计算与实际符合较好。     

岩石稳定的位移突变判据

应用有限元数值分析方法模拟开挖施工过程中岩体随强度折减的位移变化，对开挖过程中岩体关键部位的位移时间序列进行尖点突变分析，以判别岩体位移的稳定性，从而分析岩体工程系统的稳定性。计算了有关的算例，并与其它计算方法作对比，验证了模型的合理性和有效性。     

跃移泥沙颗粒起跳时间的特性分析

跃移是推移质泥沙颗粒运动的主要形式之一,跃移颗粒的运动特性是影响推移质输沙率的重要参数,但目前对跃移泥沙颗粒的起跳时间研究相对较少.本文利用高速摄影技术,对不同粒径泥沙起跳过程进行了系列的试验研究,后期采用RGB颜色映射函数获得灰度图,通过逐帧批处理获取颗粒的运动轨迹,直接得到了泥沙颗粒的起跳时间大小.试验结果表明,在...     

卷首语

正人才是科技事业发展的根本。中国水科院一直十分重视人才队伍建设,特别是"十三五"期间,实施人才强院战略,首次推行"五大人才"计划,即在全院实施创新领军人才和创新团队建设计划、三型人才培育计划(基础研究型、技术研发型、产品开发型)、新人助推计划、高层次人才引进计划、国际复合型人才培养计划。通过连续五年的稳定支持和人才分类评价,科研人员创新活力不断增强、优秀人才不断涌现,取得了丰硕的创新成果。     

Extension of the variational equation to analog/digital circuits: numerical and experimental validation

Conventional shooting methods cannot be used to determine the steady‐state solution of circuits whose model is characterised by a vector field exhibiting zero order discontinuities. In the analysis of circuits working on a stable limit cycle, this limitation prevents the use of methods that exploit Floquet theory to compute the variational model and thus the properties of the fundamental matrix and, for example, phase noise in oscillators. In this paper, we use an improved shooting method that solves this drawback by resorting to saltation matrices and show how this method makes possible the correct computation of the first left eigenfunction (known as ppv ) of the fundamental matrix. ppv s are a key aspect in determining phase noise. The results obtained through numerical simulations are compared with measurements on a relaxation oscillator serving as a simple but significant comparison vehicle. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.