Experimental study on the propagation characteristics of hydrogen/methane/air premixed flames in a narrow channel

This work is focused on the explosion characteristics of premixed gas containing different volume fractions of hydrogen in a narrow channel (1000 mm × 50 mm × 10 mm) under the circumstance of stoichiometric ratio. The ignition positions were set in the closed end and the middle of the pipeline respectively. The results showed that when the gas was ignited at the pipeline closed end, the propagating flame was tulip structure for different premixed gas. When the hydrogen volume fraction was less than 40%, the flame propagation speed increased significantly with the rise of hydrogen volume fraction, and the overpressure peak also appeared obviously in advance. However, when the volume fraction of hydrogen was more than 40%, the increase of flame propagation speed and the overpressure peak occurrence time varied slightly. Furthermore, when the ignition position was placed in the middle of the pipeline, the flame propagation speed propagating to the opening end was much faster than that propagating to the closing end, and there was no tulip shape when the flame propagates to the opening end. The flame propagating to the closed end appeared tulip shape under the influence of airflow, and high-frequency flame oscillation occurred during the propagation. This work shows that the hydrogen volume fraction and ignition position significantly affected the flame structure, flame front speed, and explosion overpressure.     

梁结构振动支承约束反力控制

支承或连接构件对梁结构的动力学性能有至关重要影响,必须保证其在振动过程中不发生破坏或者失效。通过合理设计和布局附加弹性支承可以实现对这些重要连接构件所承受约束反力的控制。应用微分变换法推导含附加支承的梁结构支承约束反力及其对于附加支承位置和刚度的灵敏度表达式,并通过优化设计附加支承位置和刚度实现具有弹性约束端的简支梁结构各支承约束反力的平衡,可提高结构的动力学性能。     

In Vivo Silencing of Genes Coding for dTip60 Chromatin Remodeling Complex Subunits Affects Polytene Chromosome Organization and Proper Development in Drosophila melanogaster

Chromatin organization is developmentally regulated by epigenetic changes mediated by histone-modifying enzymes and chromatin remodeling complexes. In Drosophila melanogaster, the Tip60 chromatin remodeling complex (dTip60) play roles in chromatin regulation, which are shared by evolutionarily-related complexes identified in animal and plants. Recently, it was found that most subunits previously assigned to the dTip60 complex are shared by two related complexes, DOM-A.C and DOM-B.C, defined by DOM-A and DOM-B isoforms, respectively. In this work, we combined classical genetics, cell biology, and reverse genetics approaches to further investigate the biological roles played during Drosophila melanogaster development by a number of subunits originally assigned to the dTip60 complex.     

应用膨胀算法提取目标的直接定位算法

为了解决被动雷达系统中的多发射源定位问题，提出了一种基于多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法和图像膨胀(IE)算法的直接定位方法。该方法结合了谱分析中的MUSIC思想，通过对接收量测协方差矩阵进行特征分析求解目标的位置。首先，在目标个数未知的前提下，利用Akaike信息准则(AIC)来确定模型阶数；然后，推导了基于MUSIC的定位代价函数；之后，利用图像膨胀算法处理得到的代价函数平面；最后，膨胀处理后的输出为目标个数及目标位置的估计值。提出的算法有效地解决了目标检测及提取的问题，能够确定多个目标的位置坐标，为后续的定位性能分析提供可能性，也保证了算法的完整性。进一步地分析了多个临近目标情况下影响目标提取性能的主要因素。     

基于E-SPCM的直线电机动子位置高精度测量方法研究

针对直线电机动子位置测量,引入一种基于扩展采样相位相关法(E-SPCM)的亚像素位移图像检测方法,以提高测量精度和抗干扰性。首先建立了直线电机位置检测系统,通过高速相机实时采集条纹图像序列;其次对条纹图像进行边缘特征提取,利用相位相关得到相邻条纹图像的互功率谱,即动子位置的整像素位移;进而对整像素邻域的互功率谱进行上采样相位相关计算,实现高精度的亚像素位移测量,进一步由系统标定得到实际位移值。对比传统相位相关算法,所采用的方法能够提高测量精度且有很好的噪声抑制性能,最后搭建了实验检测平台,验证了算法的有效性。     

桥梁检测机器人作业规划与位姿优化方法研究

针对桥梁底部病害人工检测的作业难题,介绍了桥梁检测机器人的工作原理,结合桥梁的结构化特征和视觉检测拍摄参数约束,研究了桥梁检测机器人作业规划与位姿优化方法。首先,提出一种以最佳拍摄模型约束的桥梁检测机器人拍摄作业位姿规划方法。在最佳拍摄规划方法的基础上,针对小箱梁桥梁和T型梁桥梁底部的褶皱结构,研究了以安全拍摄模型为约束的拍摄位姿优化方法,设计了结合拍摄偏角和拍摄距离的权重函数,推导了优化算法公式并给出了收敛证明。通过对不同拍摄参数的配置,进行了针对空心板桥梁的拍摄作业位姿规划方法仿真;针对小箱梁桥梁的结构,在位姿规划仿真结果基础上进行了位姿优化方法的仿真。最后以研制的桥梁检测机器人为对象,进行了现场测试与验证,仿真和实验结果均表明,该规划和优化方法符合桥梁拍摄检测的要求,具有很好的鲁棒性和实时性。     

苏尼特羊不同部位肌肉抗氧化系统的差异

以放牧条件下的苏尼特羊股二头肌、臂三头肌和背最长肌3个部位的肌肉为材料,测定其丙二醛(MDA)、氧合肌红蛋白(OMb)、高铁肌红蛋白(MMb)含量、抗氧化酶活性(超氧化物歧化酶SOD、过氧化氢酶CAT、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GSH-Px)、抗氧化能力(降铜离子还原能力CUPRAC、自由基清除率RSA)、色差和pH值等指标,比较不同部位之间的差异。结果表明:抗氧化酶和抗氧化性能中,臂三头肌的SOD与GSH-Px活性最高,而背最长肌中的CAT活性、CUPRAC和RSA最高。背最长肌的pH值最高,而MDA、L*值、a*值和b*值均显著低于股二头肌和臂三头肌(P<0.05)。股二头肌中OMb显著高于臂三头肌和背最长肌(P<0.05),而MMb显著低于其它部位(P<0.05)。苏尼特羊肌肉中的抗氧化酶之间具有协同作用,且抗氧化酶活力的增强能提高机体抗氧化性能,降低氧化程度。整体上,苏尼特羊背最长肌中抗氧化物质含量较高,脂质氧化程度低于其它两个部位,抗氧化能力较强。     

基于背压和最佳阀位控制的滑压曲线实时优化及应用

针对目前凝汽器背压对滑压值的修正无普适算式可供遵循的问题，通过作图法推理获得了滑压设定值与凝汽器背压及机组负荷之间的二元函数表达式；利用流量变工况计算方法解决最佳综合阀位的确定问题，在满足机组日常运行需求的条件下达到汽轮机高压调阀节流损失最小化；将提出的基于凝汽器背压和机组负荷的二元函数滑压实时优化和基于流量变工况计算的最佳综合阀位控制滑压实时优化方法相结合，将凝汽器背压对滑压值的修正作为粗调，将最佳综合阀位控制对滑压值的修正作为细调，共同实现对滑压设定值的实时调整。在某660 MW超临界机组上的应用表明，该方法能够节约供电煤耗约1.12 g/(kW·h）。     

新型卡板式外径千分表的设计应用

针对机车牵引电机转轴磨削测量中,对转轴轴承位尺寸超差的原因进行分析,设计制作机车牵引电机转轴新型卡板式外径千分表(实用新型:ZL201420477030.7)。实际应用表明,新型卡板式外径千分表保证了牵引电机转轴轴承位的磨削尺寸,避免了转轴轴承位尺寸超差现象,解决了机车牵引电机转轴轴承位磨削测量的工艺、质量问题。     

Assessing trophic position quantification methods for three piscivorous freshwater fish using stable isotopes and stomach contents

Accurate trophic position (TP) estimates are important for the development of ecosystem-based management plans. TPs can be quantified by carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) stable isotopes in tissues, but these can disagree with observed and perceived feeding ecology. A recent method that has used a scaled diet-tissue discrimination factor (DTDF), reflecting the inverse relationship between DTDF and δ¹⁵N, was found to better describe TPs of predatory fish species in marine ecosystems, but this has not been tested in freshwater ecosystems. Here, we compare methods of TP estimations in the Lake Huron-Erie corridor (HEC), a system where high diversity of prey items has contributed to the concern that foraging ecology of piscivorous fish species is poorly understood. Using δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C, we quantified TP of longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and northern pike (Esox lucius) to assess the efficacy of a scaled DTDF compared to traditional DTDF isotope methods and stomach content analysis (SCA). The scaled DTDF method produced TP estimates that were at times consistent with SCA and were generally higher and with a greater range among individuals than non-scaled DTDFs. The scaled method was not sensitive to baseline choice nor influenced by incorporating carbon source in the model. Greater variability of TP estimates using a scaled DTDF suggests more complex trophic structuring in the upper trophic level guild of the HEC. These results, particularly the lack of baseline sensitivity, provide support for using the scaled DTDF in freshwater food web characterization.