Leucokinin and Associated Neuropeptides Regulate Multiple Aspects of Physiology and Behavior in Drosophila

Leucokinins (LKs) constitute a family of neuropeptides identified in numerous insects and many other invertebrates. LKs act on G-protein-coupled receptors that display only distant relations to other known receptors. In adult Drosophila, 26 neurons/neurosecretory cells of three main types express LK. The four brain interneurons are of two types, and these are implicated in several important functions in the fly’s behavior and physiology, including feeding, sleep–metabolism interactions, state-dependent memory formation, as well as modulation of gustatory sensitivity and nociception. The 22 neurosecretory cells (abdominal LK neurons, ABLKs) of the abdominal neuromeres co-express LK and a diuretic hormone (DH44), and together, these regulate water and ion homeostasis and associated stress as well as food intake. In Drosophila larvae, LK neurons modulate locomotion, escape responses and aspects of ecdysis behavior. A set of lateral neurosecretory cells, ALKs (anterior LK neurons), in the brain express LK in larvae, but inconsistently so in adults. These ALKs co-express three other neuropeptides and regulate water and ion homeostasis, feeding, and drinking, but the specific role of LK is not yet known. This review summarizes Drosophila data on embryonic lineages of LK neurons, functional roles of individual LK neuron types, interactions with other peptidergic systems, and orchestrating functions of LK.     

Effect of microwave heating time on the gel properties of chicken myofibrillar proteins and their formation mechanism

The present work was conducted to illustrate the mechanism of gel formation of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) under different microwave heating times. The results showed that the denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) of the MPs significantly decreased when the heating time increased from 3 to 9 s and then completely disappeared as the heating time progressed, indicating that the MPs gradually denatured and subsequently aggregated with increasing heating time, which was further verified by the changes in the secondary structure, electrophoretic bands, and gel properties (e.g., water holding capacity and textural profiles) of the MPs. Microstructural images indicated that the MP gel formed under 12 s had the most compact network, indicating that extended microwave heating time could induce quality deterioration of MP gels. Moreover, the hydrophobic forces, electrostatic forces, and disulphide bonds of the MPs gradually intensified with increasing microwave heating time, suggesting that both non-covalent and covalent bonds could promote molecular denaturation and subsequent aggregation of MPs. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that the changes in the molecular conformation of MPs induced by different microwave heating times could effectively regulate the formation of MP gels and their related properties.     

Changes in polyphenol fractions and bacterial composition after in vitrofermentation of apple peel polyphenol by gut microbiota

The changes in polyphenol fractions after in vitro fermentation of apple peel polyphenol (APP) by gut microbiota as well as the effects of APP on the growth, pH value, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and intestinal flora composition of gut microbiota fermentation were firstly explored in this study. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the APP group was 49.55% with an increment of 49.40% compared with the blank group, while that of Bifidobacterium was 13.32%. Moreover, the flora produced 37.093 ± 0.478 mM of SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid during the process of fermentation, thus reduced the environmental pH value. In addition, polyphenol fractions in APP were altered by gut microbiota fermentation to some extent, for example, glycosides were hydrolysed to aglycones. These findings suggested APP as a potential prebiotic agent to alleviate the disorder of intestinal flora.     

计及RSC控制的DFIG短路电流直流分量解析表达

现有文献针对计及转子变流器(RSC)控制的双馈感应风电机组(DFIG)定子短路电流解析表达,将定子磁链当作一阶直流衰减分量或忽略功率外环控制。基于DFIG电压、磁链和RSC控制方程,得到定子电流关于定子电压和定子功率的传递函数,提出定子电流的精确解析表达式。基于RSC内、外环PI参数关系,推导直流分量衰减时间常数和角频率关于PI参数的表达式。分析了RSC内外环PI参数对定子电流直流衰减分量的影响。仿真结果验证了解析表达式的准确性,为PI参数选取和保护装置测量、整定提供依据。     

复杂型急倾斜煤层的开采技术探析

中国煤炭资源多处于中厚煤层中,伴随煤炭资源的不断开采,矿井深度日渐增加,煤层的开采环境也日渐复杂,其中复杂型急倾斜煤层对开采技术和开采施工工艺水平的要求较为突出。课题基于中国复杂型急倾斜煤层开发工艺的现状,深入分析了现有工艺在实际开采过程中存在的不足,提出了伪倾斜斜坡短臂采煤法,旨在为中国复杂型急倾斜煤层开采工艺的研究提供借鉴。     

近距离煤层综采工作面均压防灭火技术应用研究

为解决近距离煤层开采过程中上层采空区遗煤自燃导致工作面回风隅角和回风流中CO超限的问题，采用联合均压防灭火技术，通过增大进、回风巷风阻，减小两巷压差的方式，减少气体交换，抑制了上部采空区CO的逸出，同时配合注氮、堵漏和地面塌陷坑回填等综合防火技术，从源头治理了上部采空区自燃隐患，保证回采工作面的安全生产。     

近距离煤层回采巷道支护技术研究

153301工作面受上部3煤和9煤采空区及煤柱影响,巷道围岩变形量大。采用FLAC3D软件分别模拟不同锚杆间距和数量下的巷道围岩变形量,得到锚杆最优支护参数。针对153301工作面巷道采用锚网索和二次注浆加固支护技术,分别设计了不同的支护参数,并对支护后围岩变形量进行监测,监测结果表明围岩变形量和变形速率都有了明显的减小,支护取得了良好的效果。     

基于LSTM-RF模型的城市道路交通流预测

交通流预测作为信号协调和出行时间预测等任务的基础,成为了交通领域的研究点。对于交通流预测问题,研究人员提出了多种方法,但这些方法大多只使用交通流数据的时域信息进行交通流预测,忽略了空间相关性对于预测目标路段流的影响,导致预测精度不理想。基于组合模型的思想提出了一种称为LSTM-RF的交通流预测模型。在交通流预测过程中,首先使用LSTM模型提取预测目标路段的时序特征,再将其预测值与采集的相邻上下游路段信息同时作为随机森林模型的输入特征,进行交通流时空相关性分析,获得最终的预测结果。并通过贵阳市车牌识别系统采集的城区132条路段的交通流数据进行实验验证。结果表明:该方法在预测精度上优于单一模型,并且预测误差相比单一模型有明显减少。     

瞬态二极管损坏后短路而引起的设备损坏问题探讨

通过在信号防雷器的瞬态二极管前加装一种快速熔断型保险管的方法，使得当瞬态二极管因各种原因损坏至短路后，当短路电流增大至一定程度后，快速熔断型保险管断开从而使瞬态二极管从电路中脱离，保证信号防雷器不会因瞬态二极管短路而引发短路电流，保证后级设备的使用安全。并就瞬态二极管在应用中出现短路损坏时短接电流引起的设备损坏问题提出一种解决方案进行探讨。     

Preventive replacement policies with time of operations,mission durations,minimal repairs and maintenance triggering approaches

When a mission arrives at a random time and lasts for a duration, it becomes an interesting problem to plan replacement policies according to the health condition and repair history of the operating unit, as the reliability is required at mission time and no replacement can be done preventively during the mission duration. From this viewpoint, this paper proposes that effective replacement policies should be collaborative ones gathering data from time of operations, mission durations, minimal repairs and maintenance triggering approaches. We firstly discuss replacement policies with time of operations and random arrival times of mission durations, model the policies and find optimum replacement times and mission durations to minimize the expected replacement cost rates analytically. Secondly, replacement policies with minimal repairs and mission durations are discussed in a similar analytical way. Furthermore, the maintenance triggering approaches, i.e., replacement first and last, are also considered into respective replacement policies. Numerical examples are illustrated when the arrival time of the mission has a gamma distribution and the failure time of the unit has a Weibull distribution. In addition, simple case illustrations of maintaining the production system in glass factories are given based on the assumed data.