Consistent and stable meshfree Galerkin methods using the virtual element decomposition

Over the past two decades, meshfree methods have undergone significant development as a numerical tool to solve partial differential equations (PDEs). In contrast to finite elements, the basis functions in meshfree methods are smooth (nonpolynomial functions), and they do not rely on an underlying mesh structure for their construction. These features render meshfree methods to be particularly appealing for higher‐order PDEs and for large deformation simulations of solid continua. However, a deficiency that still persists in meshfree Galerkin methods is the inaccuracies in numerical integration, which affects the consistency and stability of the method. Several previous contributions have tackled the issue of integration errors with an eye on consistency, but without explicitly ensuring stability. In this paper, we draw on the recently proposed virtual element method, to present a formulation that guarantees both the consistency and stability of the approximate bilinear form. We adopt maximum‐entropy meshfree basis functions, but other meshfree basis functions can also be used within this framework. Numerical results for several two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional elliptic (Poisson and linear elastostatic) boundary‐value problems that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed formulation are presented. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multi‐model Arlequin method for transient structural dynamics with explicit time integration

This paper addresses the explicit time integration for solving multi‐model structural dynamics by the Arlequin method. Our study focuses on the stability of the central difference scheme in the Arlequin framework. Although the Arlequin coupling matrices can introduce a weak instability, the time integrator remains stable as long as the initial kinematic conditions of both models agree on the coupling zone. After showing that the Arlequin weights have an adverse impact on the critical time step, we present two approaches to circumvent this issue. Computational tests confirm that the two approaches effectively preserve a feasible critical time step and show the efficiency of the Arlequin method for structural explicit dynamic simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

FDM solutions to linear dynamics of porous media: Efficiency,stability, and parallel solution strategy

This paper presents a strategy to improve the efficiency of simulations involving porous materials with linear behaviour and full saturation. The method is named parallel‐lines finite difference and uses a method to decouple a discretised version of the governing equations allowing parallel computations. As a result, the complexity and the bandwidth of the global matrix are significantly reduced and hence the efficiency is improved. The other advantage of the scheme is the fulfilment of the inf‐sup stability condition. The scheme is developed to solve porous media formulations derived from the theory of porous media. Both the u‐p and u‐v‐p formulations are considered (u: displacement of solid, p: pressure of liquid, and v: velocity of liquid). Several simulations are performed to demonstrate the capabilities of the method.     

Fluorinated Phosphorene: Electrochemical Synthesis,Atomistic Fluorination,and Enhanced Stability

Phosphorene has attracted great interest due to its unique electronic and optoelectronic properties owing to its tunable direct and moderate band‐gap in association with high carrier mobility. However, its intrinsic instability in air seriously hinders its practical applications, and problems of technical complexity and in‐process degradation exist in currently proposed stabilization strategies. A facile pathway in obtaining and stabilizing phosphorene through a one‐step, ionic liquid‐assisted electrochemical exfoliation and synchronous fluorination process is reported in this study. This strategy enables fluorinated phosphorene (FP) to be discovered and large‐scale, highly selective few‐layer FP (3?6 atomic layers) to be obtained. The synthesized FP is found to exhibit unique morphological and optical characteristics. Possible atomistic fluorination configurations of FP are revealed by core‐level binding energy shift calculations in combination with spectroscopic measurements, and the results indicate that electrolyte concentration significantly modulates the fluorination configurations. Furthermore, FP is found to exhibit enhanced air stability thanks to the antioxidation and antihydration effects of the introduced fluorine adatoms, and demonstrate excellent photothermal stability during a week of air exposure. These findings pave the way toward real applications of phosphorene‐based nanophotonics.     

喹(噁)啉-2-羧酸标准物质的制备研究

建立了一种喹(噁)啉-2-羧酸(QCA)合成工艺路线,选择适当的方法对产品进行纯化,制备标准品候选物,并利用IR、UV、1 HNMR和MS技术对其进行定性鉴定.卡尔费休法和热重分析法分别用于水分和无机杂质的分析;建立优化了QCA主成分定值的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法,对含量进行测定;对喹(噁)啉-2-羧酸进行了均匀性、稳定性研究.结果表明,研制的喹(噁)啉-2-羧酸标准物质均匀性良好,稳定时间12个月,可以用于残留检测的定性和定量分析.     

A novel approach to prepare large-scale and narrow-dispersed latex particles by emulsion polymerization based on particle coagulation mechanism

In order to understand the mechanism of narrow particle size distribution of the final latex during particle coagulation, a series of experiments were performed to investigate the effect of polymer nature on particle coagulation capability. In particular, thermodynamics and kinetics in aqueous phase were considered to illustrate the detail process of particle coagulation. The final particle size decreased with the increasing side chain length of alkyl methacrylate from 181.5 nm in MMA to 131.6 nm in EMA, 119.3 nm in PMA, and 115.1 nm in BMA, indicating that the particle coagulation capability was proportional to the hydrophilicity of polymer. With increasing polymer hydrophilicity, the affinity between surfactant molecules and particle surface decreased, thus enhancing the particle coagulation capability. Moreover, the critical length of oligomer radical also increased with increasing hydrophilicity and the efficiency of radical capture decreased, thus increasing the saturation of monomer concentration in the inner part of particle, promoting particle coagulation. Combining these results and the La Mer Diagram, a novel approach was developed to prepare large-scale, narrow-dispersed, and high solid content polymer latex based on particle coagulation mechanism. Three criteria, namely, rapid nucleation, fast coagulation, and a long growth period, should be met to produce latex with a narrow particle size distribution.     

高稳定度大能量三波长脉冲激光系统研究

设计了一套高稳定度大能量输出的三波长Nd:YAG激光系统,用作激光清洗光源.该系统包括振荡级、放大级及后续波长切换系统.为解决激光棒热致双折射效应造成的输出能量下降和输出不稳定,在输出镜和激光工作物质之间插入λ1/4波片,并对波片的补偿效果进行了研究.结果表明:插入波片后振荡级输出能量提高了10％,稳定度明显提高.重复频率为10 Hz时,1064 nm激光经放大后单脉冲能量可达700 mJ,其单次通过倍频晶体BBO,得到532 nm激光的单脉冲能量为325.6 mJ,四倍频后得到266 nm激光的单脉冲能量为84 mJ.1h内测得的三波长激光输出能量不稳定度均小于0.6％.     

基于实例学习和协同子集搜索的特征选择方法

特征子集搜索是数据挖掘分类任务中一个关键性的难题,常用的过滤器方法忽略了基因之间的相关性,此外,现有的解决方法并不是专门针对处理小样本数据,因此在特征选择方面表现出了不稳定性.为了解决上述问题,在实例学习的基础上提出了一种新型的混合封装过滤算法,并且提出了一种具有封装器评价体系的分类器算法——协同性子集搜索(CSS).选取几个高维小样本的癌症数据集作为数据来源,对提出的评价体系进行了实验测试,结果表明,该方法在准确性及稳定性方面较其他方法表现更好.     

苯氧乙醇标准物质的纯度分析方法及不确定度评定

采用质谱(MS)和核磁共振谱(NMR)对原料苯氧乙醇进行定性分析,优化并建立了液相色谱法及气相色谱法测定苯氧乙醇,纯度为99.3％.以甲醇为基体溶液,采用重量-容量法制备苯氧乙醇标准物质.以液相色谱(紫外法、示差法)两种方法进行定值,并做了均匀性检验和稳定性跟踪.建立不确定度评定方法,标准物质特性值为99.3(±1.1) μg/mL(k=2).苯氧乙醇标准物质具有溯源性和准确性,对于化妆品中防腐剂苯氧乙醇含量的准确测定及监控具有重要意义.