首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   54903篇
  免费   7272篇
  国内免费   3912篇
电工技术   3839篇
技术理论   6篇
综合类   6057篇
化学工业   11311篇
金属工艺   2927篇
机械仪表   2979篇
建筑科学   3013篇
矿业工程   689篇
能源动力   4679篇
轻工业   1824篇
水利工程   826篇
石油天然气   1303篇
武器工业   515篇
无线电   5077篇
一般工业技术   7971篇
冶金工业   1608篇
原子能技术   937篇
自动化技术   10526篇
  2024年   38篇
  2023年   922篇
  2022年   1439篇
  2021年   1790篇
  2020年   1886篇
  2019年   1810篇
  2018年   1562篇
  2017年   1913篇
  2016年   1921篇
  2015年   2237篇
  2014年   3156篇
  2013年   3898篇
  2012年   3721篇
  2011年   4113篇
  2010年   3174篇
  2009年   3394篇
  2008年   3175篇
  2007年   3668篇
  2006年   3268篇
  2005年   3000篇
  2004年   2457篇
  2003年   2196篇
  2002年   1777篇
  2001年   1475篇
  2000年   1229篇
  1999年   1002篇
  1998年   899篇
  1997年   764篇
  1996年   668篇
  1995年   666篇
  1994年   519篇
  1993年   458篇
  1992年   401篇
  1991年   287篇
  1990年   269篇
  1989年   210篇
  1988年   157篇
  1987年   110篇
  1986年   83篇
  1985年   68篇
  1984年   80篇
  1983年   61篇
  1982年   37篇
  1981年   23篇
  1980年   16篇
  1979年   10篇
  1978年   9篇
  1977年   9篇
  1966年   9篇
  1959年   16篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study evaluated the direct effect of a phytochemical, hesperidin, on pre-osteoblast cell function as well as osteogenesis and collagen matrix quality, as there is little known about hesperidin’s influence in mineralized tissue formation and regeneration. Hesperidin was added to a culture of MC3T3-E1 cells at various concentrations. Cell proliferation, viability, osteogenic gene expression and deposited collagen matrix analyses were performed. Treatment with hesperidin showed significant upregulation of osteogenic markers, particularly with lower doses. Mature and compact collagen fibrils in hesperidin-treated cultures were observed by picrosirius red staining (PSR), although a thinner matrix layer was present for the higher dose of hesperidin compared to osteogenic media alone. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated a better mineral-to-matrix ratio and matrix distribution in cultures exposed to hesperidin and confirmed less collagen deposited with the 100-µM dose of hesperidin. In vivo, hesperidin combined with a suboptimal dose of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) (dose unable to promote healing of a rat mandible critical-sized bone defect) in a collagenous scaffold promoted a well-controlled (not ectopic) pattern of bone formation as compared to a large dose of BMP2 (previously defined as optimal in healing the critical-sized defect, although of ectopic nature). PSR staining of newly formed bone demonstrated that hesperidin can promote maturation of bone organic matrix. Our findings show, for the first time, that hesperidin has a modulatory role in mineralized tissue formation via not only osteoblast cell differentiation but also matrix organization and matrix-to-mineral ratio and could be a potential adjunct in regenerative bone therapies.  相似文献   
2.
This paper focuses on the configuration design of flexure hinges with a prescribed compliance matrix and preset rotational center position. A new method for the topology optimization of flexure hinges is proposed based on the adaptive spring model and stress constraint. The hinge optimization model is formulated by maximizing the bending displacement with a spring while optimizing the compliance matrix to a prescribed value. To avoid numerical instability, an artificial spring is used as an auxiliary calculation, and a new strategy is developed for adaptively adjusting the spring stiffness according to the prescribed compliance matrix. The maximum stress of flexure hinge is limited by using a normalized P-norm of the effective von Mises stress, and a position constraint of rotational center is proposed to predetermine the position of the rotational center. In addition, to reduce the error of the stress measurement, a simple but effective filtering method is presented to obtain a complete black-and-white design. Numerical examples are used to verify the proposed method. Topology results show that the obtained flexure hinges have the prescribed compliance matrix and preset rotational center position while also meeting the stress requirements.  相似文献   
3.
纳米材料介导微生物胞外电子传递过程的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
刘姝睿  吴雪娥  王远鹏 《化工学报》2021,72(7):3576-3589
微生物胞外电子传递(EET)过程在自然界中普遍存在,并且在能源利用和环境修复等方面具有广阔的应用前景,但是低效的电子传递一直是其在实际应用中的关键瓶颈。纳米材料具有独特的表面效应、体积效应、量子尺寸及宏观量子隧道效应等性质,引入纳米材料与电活性微生物相结合实现优势互补,可以缩短电荷转移路径,从而提高EET效率。本文综述了EET方式,以及纳米材料的电子转移能力、氧化还原电势、表面结构与性质、生物相容性及纳米材料-微生物的界面构筑对EET过程的影响,重点阐述了纳米材料与电活性微生物界面构筑的各种策略,并讨论了这些策略的适用性和局限性,最后展望了纳米材料强化电活性微生物EET的未来研究方向。  相似文献   
4.
The direct-synthesis of conductive PbS quantum dot (QD) ink is facile, scalable, and low-cost, boosting the future commercialization of optoelectronics based on colloidal QDs. However, manipulating the QD matrix structures still is a challenge, which limits the corresponding QD solar cell performance. Here, for the first time a coordination-engineering strategy to finely adjust the matrix thickness around the QDs is presented, in which halogen salts are introduced into the reaction to convert the excessive insulating lead iodide into soluble iodoplumbate species. As a result, the obtained QD film exhibits shrunk insulating shells, leading to higher charge carrier transport and superior surface passivation compared to the control devices. A significantly improved power-conversion efficiency from 10.52% to 12.12% can be achieved after the matrix engineering. Therefore, the work shows high significance in promoting the practical application of directly synthesized PbS QD inks in large-area low-cost optoelectronic devices.  相似文献   
5.
6.
建立含不同参数的正六边形截面丁胞传热管有限元分析模型,仿真研究雷诺数为5000~40000时丁胞组合类型、深度和直径对传热管中流体流动及传热性能的影响。此外,采用离散方法计算并分析丁胞参数对传热管表面偏态和峰度的影响。最终基于丁胞参数对偏态和峰度的影响规律对丁胞传热管的性能进行分析。研究结果表明,凹坑或凸起丁胞通过增强流体的回流效果及削弱流体边界层厚度,能够有效增强传热管内流体的流动及传热性能,且凹坑丁胞的影响优于凸起丁胞。此外,不同丁胞组合类型的影响表现为偏态越小、传热管的流动及传热综合性能越好。然而,对于凹坑丁胞传热管,其表面偏态越大、峰度越小,传热管的流动及传热综合性能越好,增加凹坑丁胞深度和直径可增大偏态、减小峰度。  相似文献   
7.
This article investigates the effect of inlet shape, entrance length, and turbulence promoters on mass transfer by using 3D-printed electrolyzers. Our results show that the inlet design can promote turbulence and lead to an earlier transition to turbulent flow. The Reynolds number at which the transition occurs can be predicted by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the inlet to the cross-sectional area of the electrolyzer channel. A longer entrance length results in more laminar behavior and a later transition to turbulent flow. With an entrance length of 550 mm, the inlet design did no longer affect the mass transfer performance significantly. The addition of gyroid type turbulence promoters resulted in a factor of 2 to 4 increase in mass transfer depending on inlet design, entrance length, and the type of promoter. From one configuration to another, there was a minimal variation in pressure drop (<1600 Pa).  相似文献   
8.
跨语言短文本情感分析作为自然语言处理领域的一项重要的任务, 近年来备受关注. 跨语言情感分析能够利用资源丰富的源语言标注数据对资源匮乏的目标语言数据进行情感分析, 建立语言之间的联系是该任务的核心.与传统的机器翻译建立联系方法相比, 迁移学习更胜一筹, 而高质量的跨语言文本向量则会提升迁移效果. 本文提出LAAE网络模型, 该模型通过长短记忆网络(LSTM)和对抗式自编码器(AAE)获得含上下文情感信息的跨语言向量, 然后利用双向GRU (Gated Recurrent Unite)进行后续情感分类任务. 其中, 分类器首先在源语言上进行训练,最后迁移到目标语言上进行分类任务. 本方法的有效性体现在实验结果中.  相似文献   
9.
薛亮  王缙  王金龙  王燕龙 《计算机应用研究》2021,38(10):3115-3119,3124
在采用非正交多址接入技术的无线携能通信网络中,窃听者的存在和不同用户配对方式将影响网络的保密能量效率.为寻求保密能量效率最大化支配下的网络资源配置方案,提出了一种改进的群智能搜索算法用于解决此非凸优化问题.改进的群智能搜索算法采用共生生物搜索技术,增强了对可行域的局部搜索能力.仿真结果表明,不同的用户配对方式在单时隙或多时隙场景下具有相异特征,改进后的群智能搜索算法比其他基线算法具有更佳的网络性能,为多输入多输出非正交多址接入无线携能通信网络中通信安全及能量效率的研究提供了依据.  相似文献   
10.
The dynamic behaviors of two droplets and droplet cluster under an alternating current (AC) electric field are investigated. Two droplets generally undergo transformation from complete coalescence to partial coalescence and finally to non-coalescence as the electric capillary number Cap increases. The critical electric capillary number Capc for complete coalescence in the AC electric field remains unchanged and is twice as large as that in the direct current (DC) electric field when the frequency f ≥ 250 Hz. Charge transfer and reversal of electric field result in the reversal of the direction of electric force, which is the fundamental mechanism of non-coalescence of two droplets and chain formation in droplet cluster. The number of rebounds dramatically increases as f increases, promoting the stability of droplet chain. The droplet chains in the high-frequency AC electric field are longer and more stable than those in the low-frequency AC electric field.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号