Cowpea resistance and bioactivity of two diatomaceous earths against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on three cowpea varieties

The bruchid, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) is the most important pest of stored cowpea in tropical climates. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of three cowpea varieties and the bioactivity of SilicoSec® and FossilShield® against this insect pest under ambient laboratory conditions at the contents 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 g/kg of cowpea. The Dobie susceptibility index for cowpea genotypes was estimated to compare their relative tolerance to this insect pest. Adult mortality was assessed after 1, 2, 4 and 6 days of exposure followed by the evaluation of the F₁ progeny. Population increase, percentage seed damage and weight loss were assessed after three months of storage. The results showed that the CRPS and TN5-78 varieties were highly susceptible to C. maculatus, while Lori variety was moderately susceptible to the weevil. SilicoSec® and FossilShield® caused a significant and increasing bruchid mortality according to the dose rates and periods of exposure. Malathion 5% caused complete mortality after one day exposure time. SilicoSec® was more effective than FossilShield® on the three varieties of cowpea. The greatest dose of SilicoSec® and FossilShield® (2 g/kg) caused 100% mortality on all three varieties; 4 days of exposure in the Lori variety was the shortest exposure time leading to complete mortality. Regarding LD₅₀ and LD₉₅ values, it was observed that C. maculatus adults are more susceptible to SilicoSec® than to FossilShield®.The two formulations of diatomaceous earth (1.5 g/kg) reduced the F₁ progeny by more than 70%, and produced less than 10% of seed damage and weight loss for the three varieties of cowpea. The varietal resistance and the use of diatomaceous earth against C. maculatus in storage could represent an alternative to Malagrain® for the protection of the cowpea.     

近红外光谱法对松原不同品种大米的确证探究

该文提出一种对松原不同品种大米进行判别的方法,对来自松原的稻花香、小高粱、通系926、吉粳515、农大521,5个品种共368个大米样品,利用波数范围为12000 cm^-1~4000 cm^-1的傅里叶近红外光谱仪获取光谱数据并对数据进行6种方法的预处理。结果表明,一阶导数结合SG9点平滑为最佳预处理方法,并用偏最小二乘判别(partial least squares discrimination analysis,PLS-DA)方法对校正样本建立判别分析模型,用验证集对模型进行验证,模型对验证集中稻花香、小高粱、通系926、吉粳515、农大521共5个品种的识别率均为100%;且优于主成分分析的结果。用来自柳河和梅河的稻花香样本与松原的稻花香样本进行产地判别,结果显示,此模型可以将松原样本与非松原样本进行判别。     

早冠丝瓜406新品种的选育

早冠丝瓜406是以S4为母本、X06为父本配制而成的一代杂种.极早熟,植株主蔓分枝性强,生长性强盛;雌花节位低,首朵雌花着生于主蔓第5节~7节,采收期为播种后58 d^60 d开始;嫩瓜呈长棒形,果端较圆,果皮深绿色,单果重0.5 kg^0.9 kg,果实纵径42 cm^50 cm,横径3.7 cm^4.2 cm,前期产量为16772.0 kg/hm^2,总产量可达47447.5 kg/hm^2.适合长江流域、云贵高原及湖南地区早春设施和露地栽培.     

全媒体时代综艺晚会的发展策略探析

全媒体技术的发展推动我们进入全媒体时代,在全媒体时代下,综艺晚会要以引领大众的审美潮流以及与观众保持较强的互动作为发展方向。总结了全媒体时代下综艺晚会的有效发展策略,包括精心策划、利用高科技等。     

The Content of Polyphenolic Compounds in Cocoa Beans (Theobroma cacao L.), Depending on Variety,Growing Region,and Processing Operations: A Review

Polyphenols form the largest group of compounds among natural antioxidants, which largely affect the overall antioxidant and antifree radical activity of cocoa beans. The qualitative and quantitative composition of individual fractions of polyphenolic compounds, even within one species, is very diverse and depends on many factors, mainly on the area of cocoa trees cultivation, bean maturity, climatic conditions during growth, and the harvest season and storage time after harvest. Thermal processing of cocoa beans and cocoa derivative products at relatively high temperatures may in addition to favorable physicochemical, microbiological, and organoleptic changes result in a decrease of polyphenols concentration. Technological processing of cocoa beans negatively affects the content of polyphenolic compounds.     

冀西北坝上地区8种马铃薯的营养及质构品质评价

为了解冀西北坝上地区主栽8种马铃薯的营养、质构品质及加工适宜性，本文对8种马铃薯的营养指标（淀粉、粗蛋白、维生素C、干物质、还原糖）和质构指标（外皮层硬度、内皮层硬度、纤维含量、紧实度面积）进行了测定和相关性分析，并利用隶属函数法对各品种进行了综合评价。结果表明，营养及质构品质在不同马铃薯品种间均存在显著差异（p<0.05）。5项营养指标中还原糖含量的变异系数最大为49.23%，淀粉含量的变异系数最小为17.09%；4项质构指标中紧实度面积的变异系数最大为28.55%，肉层脆性的变异系数最小为19.56%。由隶属函数分析得到8个品种的主要营养品质从优到劣依次为：大西洋>布尔班克>夏波蒂>冀张薯8号>黑金刚>冀张薯12号>冀张薯5号>红美人；主要质构品质从优到劣依次为：大西洋>冀张薯12号>布尔班克>黑金刚>夏波蒂>冀张薯8号>红美人>冀张薯5号，并由此获得了8种马铃薯的加工适宜性状况。本研究不仅为合理利用冀西北坝上主栽马铃薯品种提供科学依据，也为后期开展马铃薯精深加工提供一定理论参考。     

Acceptance and willingness to pay for health-enhancing bakery products – Empirical evidence for young urban Russian consumers

Our study provides first empirical evidence on young Russian consumers’ attitudes towards novel functional bakery products. We employ two different bakery products, namely bread rolls and biscuits, in our experimental auctions. Both products are derived from purple wheat, an old wheat variety that is naturally rich in anthocyanins (ACNs). ACNs are assumed to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and ocular-health-enhancing properties. Participants are 207 students aged 18–30 years from Moscow and Irkutsk. Our results indicate a low level of knowledge about ACNs among participants. However, our results also show that in the presence of information about the health-enhancing characteristics most participants value these products over base products. Our findings also reinforce the idea that the base product matters. Purple wheat bread rolls were better accepted than purple wheat biscuits. Moreover, our results also highlight that the information strategy matters. Participants in our study exhibited a higher willingness to pay for purple wheat biscuits under an old variety information scenario in comparison to an anthocyanin information scenario. Moreover, while our results indicate no significant difference in the perception of the anthocyanin attribute between the two cities, the perception of old grain variety products was slightly different. The share of respondents considering old variety products as healthy was significantly higher in Irkutsk, whereas the share of respondents considering these products as exclusive was significantly higher in Moscow. Thus, while planning future marketing strategies such differences in underlying motives should be taken into account.     

不同品种彩粒小麦苗麦绿素提取工艺优化及其含量比较

以类黄酮、蛋白质含量和超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase,SOD)活性作为评价指标,试验采用水浸提法,通过单因素试验和L9(34)正交试验,考察了浸提温度、浸提时间和料液比对山农紫小麦、黑小麦031244、紫小麦204W17、黑小麦202W20 4个品种彩粒小麦苗麦绿素制备的影响,确定其提取的最佳工艺,并对其麦绿素含量进行比较。结果表明,紫小麦204W17苗麦绿素中类黄酮和蛋白质含量均最高,分别为40.21mg/100g和49.04%,其提取的最佳工艺条件为浸提温度25℃,浸提时间2.0h,浸提料液比1∶4;山农紫小麦苗麦绿素中SOD含量最高,为1865.3U/100g,其提取的最佳工艺条件为浸提温度30℃,浸提时间2.5h,浸提料液比1∶3。综合评价得出紫小麦204W17苗和山农紫小麦苗的麦绿素含量更高。