基于堆叠深度卷积沙漏网络的步态识别

提出了一种基于堆叠深度卷积沙漏网络的步态识别方法。为了解决人体建模中关节点准确定位的问题，采用基于深度卷积的沙漏网络来提取步态图上的关节点坐标，并计算肘关节与膝关节的角度作为运动特征。为了解决行走速度变化带来的影响，采用动态时间规整（Dynamic Time Warping）对特征序列进行距离计算。通过最近邻分类器对结果进行准确分类。该方法在公共CASIA-B数据集与TUM-GAID数据集上进行了验证并与其他方法进行比较，结果表明该方法有较高的识别率。     

Do African Economies Grow Similarly?

Abstract

This paper examines economic growth in 52 African countries for 1961–2016 and seeks to find if there is common growth. As all African countries have their particular features, concerning climate, harvest, industry, size, politics, and infrastructure, and more, it seems best to rely on a non-parametric method. Dynamic Time Warping is such a convenient method, also as it allows leads and lags across countries to vary over time, and as it can easily be incorporated into a clustering technique. Five clusters are found, two of which concern Equatorial Guinea and Botswana, and the three other clusters have common growth rates of about 0, 2 and 4 over more than five decades.     

Suckling behavior of calves in seasonally calving pasture-based dairy systems,and possible environmental and management factors affecting suckling behaviors

In recent years, interest has been increasing in whether farmed animals are able to live a reasonably natural life, with one particular area of concern being calf-dam separation. The objectives of this study were to monitor the timing and frequency of suckling behavior of calves left on pasture to suckle their dams for up to 24 h (interquartile range 4.0–15.5 h) and to investigate possible risk factors that may contribute to any variability seen. Over 2 yr, a convenience sample of 8 farms (4 in the North Island, 4 in the South Island of New Zealand) were involved in an observational study where cows and calves were observed for 24 h a day over a 2-wk-long period per farm. During the observation period, farmers continued to remove calves at the same frequency they normally did (which ranged from once a day to 4 times a day). Cows (between 2 and 12 yr old) and calves were observed from a scissor lift in or beside the calving paddock. Cows had numbers written on them, and observers used binoculars and spotlights. Observers recorded the length of stage 2 labor, time of birth, standing, and first suckling, number of suckling events, time of calf removal from the dam, temperature where the cows were grazing, and size of the grazing area they were calving in. Dams were body condition scored before calving, and their age was extracted from farm records. A total of 697 calves were observed during the study. A total of 444 of 697 calves [63.7%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 60.0–67.3%] suckled in the calving paddock (farm range 40.0% to 90.2%). Of the 444 calves that suckled in the calving paddock, 407 (58.4%; 95% CI 54.6–62.1%) suckled within the first 6 h after birth (farm range 33.0% to 83.6%). Individual risk factors associated with the hazard rate ratio (HR) for time to first suckling event were time to standing (calves who took more than 1.3 h to stand had a longer time from birth to first suckle) and age of the dam [compared with calves that were born from dams >7 years of age, calves born to dams that were 2–3 and 4–7 yr of age had a 1.49 (95% CI 1.07–2.06) and 1.19 (95% CI 0.89–1.60) HR, respectively, for time from birth to first suckle in the calving paddock]. Farm risk factors associated with the HR of suckling were frequency of calf collection [calves that were born on farms that collected calves once a day suckled earlier than calves on farms that removed calves more than once a day (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.25–1.84)] and temperature [a minimum temperature of <10°C within 6 h of a calf being born was associated with a 0.69 (95% CI 0.53–0.89) hazard of suckling in the calving paddock]. We observed very large farm variability that urgently requires further investigation if pasture-based farms are ever to adopt a system where calves remain with their dams for longer than 24 h.     

黏土铺盖裂缝淤填固结的理论与试验研究

针对渗透力作用下黏土铺盖裂缝的淤填固结问题,对其固结机理进行阐述。在充分考虑了孔隙比与有效应力、孔隙比与渗透系数的非线性关系条件下,提出了以孔隙比为控制变量的大变形固结微分方程。通过渗透诱发固结试验确定微分方程中的待定系数,该系数综合反映了软黏土初始孔隙比、压缩性、渗透性等随时空变化的影响。采用数值方法求解微分方程,得出了孔隙比在固结过程中随时空的变化规律。采用模型试验模拟了淤填黏土的固结过程并对数值计算结果进行了验证。选择渗漏问题严重的水库进行了现场试验。     

关于薄壁截面梁一阶应力分析中的几个问题

讨论了薄壁截面梁在横向弯曲变形时产生纵向裂缝的原因和横隔板的受力状态,并分析了截面周边形状的改变对弯曲刚度的影响,说明当各薄壁构件的宽厚比过大时,钢筋混凝土梁的预加应力不再为线性分布,从而削弱了对受压区应力的调整作用.     

非对称外倾式钢箱拱桥扁平弯钢箱梁扭转与翘曲

以正在设计中的非对称外倾式钢箱拱肋扁平钢箱弯主梁结构形式的异型钢拱桥为背景，采用空间杆系模型对该桥进行恒栽和活栽作用下扁平钢箱主粱的扭转与翘曲受力特性分析；活载影响采用空间影响面方法计算，翘曲应力按乌曼斯基（Wumnansji）理论计算。计算结果表明，在恒载和活栽作用下，异形钢箱拱桥扁平钢弯箱梁的扭转剪应力可达到钢材容许剪应力的23．4％，在设计中必须加以考虑。     

对江南地区角翘问题的几点看法

古代建筑屋面的翼角起翘，使中国建筑的外轮廓更加优美。所谓角翘，是在屋檐转角处采用角梁的制作方法，向上反宇起翘。而对江南地区何时出现角翘，以及它的发展、演进，至今说法不一。通过一些调查，现对这一地区角翘出现的时代及发展和种类等问题做初步研究。     

基于动态时间弯曲距离的电压暂降源辨识方法

为了实现对各类型电压暂降源的准确辨识,从波形相似性检测的角度提出了一种基于动态时间弯曲距离的电压暂降源辨识方法。通过仿真模型分析了基本电压暂降和经不同类型变压器传播后各类暂降的波性特征,构建了电压暂降类型与暂降原因及变压器类型的映射关系。利用9种电压暂降波形数据构建匹配库,采用动态时间弯曲距离法将实测的电压暂降波形数据与匹配库波形数据进行匹配分析,实现电压暂降源的辨识。仿真分析的结果表明,该方法能够对电网中出现的各种类型电压暂降进行辨识,具有较高的准确性和有效性,满足工程应用的需求。     

基于动态时间弯曲距离的主动配电网馈线差动保护

基于馈线上不安装电压互感器、馈线终端(FTU)通信实时性较差和时间同步能力较弱的工程应用背景,提出一种主动配电网馈线差动保护方法。利用相电流突变量启动算法,触发馈线区段边界上各FTU相互交换1个工频周波的故障电流采样数据,再通过计算各FTU故障电流的动态时间弯曲(DTW)距离确定是否为区段内部故障。该保护在启动算法与抗同步误差能力强的DTW算法的配合下,不需要获取电压信息,不要求FTU间准确同步,对数据通信实时性要求不高,数据运算量小,对FTU硬件配置要求低,适用于分布式电源高度渗透的含多分支线路的主动配电网。仿真结果说明了所提方法的有效性。