A Complexing Agent to Enable a Wide-Temperature Range Bromine-Based Flow Battery for Stationary Energy Storage

Bromine-based flow batteries (Br-FBs) are considered one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their features of high energy density and low cost. However, they generally suffer from uncontrolled diffusion of corrosive bromine particularly at high temperatures. That is because the interaction between polybromide anions and the commonly used complexing agent (N–methyl–N–ethyl–pyrrolidinium bromide [MEP]) decreases with increasing temperatures, which causes serious self-discharge and capacity fade. Herein, a novel bromine complexing agent, 1–ethyl–2–methyl–pyridinium bromide (BCA), is introduced in Br-FBs to solve the above problems. It is proven that BCA can combine with polybromide anions very well even at a high temperature of 60 °C. Moreover, the BCA contributes to decreasing the electrochemical polarization of Br⁻/Br₂ couple, which in turn improves their power density. As a result, a zinc–bromine flow battery with BCA as the complexing agent can achieve a high energy efficiency of 84% at 40 mA cm⁻², even at high temperature of 60 °C and it can stably run for more than 400 cycles without obvious performance decay. This paper provides an effective complexing agent to enable a wide temperature range Br-FB.     

吐哈盆地葡北地区“两宽一高”地震勘探技术及应用效果

吐哈盆地台北凹陷圈闭落实的准确度和储层分布预测的精度一直是制约该区油气发现的关键因素。通过可控震源“两宽一高”地震采集、OVT域时间偏移、地质导向深度偏移初始模型建立及各向异性深度偏移迭代处理，在地震资料的信噪比、频带宽度和分辨率等方面明显提高的基础上，以高精度层序地层学为指导，基于高分辨率地震资料与钻井、测井资料的综合分析，识别出侏罗系6个三级层序，在三级层序格架内将研究区七克台组底部和三间房组顶部砂体识别为两个连续上升半旋回四级层序；通过构造几何属性分析及精细构造分析，揭示了本区“四带、两凹”的构造格局及形成机制；以宽频带多种反演技术为手段，对含油气层段的七克台组和三间房组砂体分布进行了预测；在综合构造分析、储层分析和油藏成藏规律分析的基础上，提出本区油气沿构造带脊线聚集，断裂系统是油气运移的优势路径，七克台组、三间房组储层在葡北构造带发育，向玉果构造带和胜北次凹减薄尖灭，葡北构造带与玉果构造带结合部位的，具有鼻状构造背景的岩性圈闭是获得油气突破的有利地区。     

Durable,Sensitive, and Wide‐Range Wearable Pressure Sensors Based on Wavy‐Structured Flexible Conductive Composite Film

Flexible pressure sensors have potential applications in human motion monitoring and electronic skins. To satisfy the practical applications, pressure sensors with a high sensitivity, a low detection limit, a broad response range, and an excellent stability are highly needed. Here, a piezoresistive pressure sensor based on wavy‐structured single‐walled carbon nanotube/graphite flake/thermoplastic polyurethane (SWCNT/GF/TPU) composite film is fabricated by a prestretching process. Due to the random wavy structure, high conductivity, and good flexibility, the prepared sensor displays a low detection limit of 2 Pa, a wide sensing range of 0–60 kPa, and a high sensitivity of 5.49 kPa^?1 for 0–50 Pa. Furthermore, the sensor shows a remarkable repeatability of over 1.1 × 10⁴, 9.0 × 10³, and 2.0 × 10³ pressure loading/unloading cycles at 50 Pa, 500 Pa, and 30 kPa, respectively, and a fast responsibility of 100–150 ms of loading response time and 400–600 ms of relaxation time. Therefore, the pressure sensor is successfully adopted to monitor both the large‐scale human activities (e.g., walk and jump) and the small‐scale signals (e.g., wrist pulse). Furthermore, a sensor array is assembled to map the weight and shape of an object, indicating its various potential applications including human–machine interactions, human health monitoring, and other wearable electronics.     

退火温度对EB熔炼低成本TC4钛合金宽厚板组织和性能的影响

采用EB炉一次熔炼TC4合金扁锭作为直轧坯料,在4200 mm宽厚板轧机上成功制备出规格46 mm×2650 mm×8700 mm的低成本TC4合金宽厚板,研究了退火温度对低成本TC4合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:EB熔炼TC4合金扁锭经过两火换向轧制,粗大铸态组织得到充分破碎,热轧态TC4合金板材显微组织中等轴α或条状α含量较高,横纵向室温拉伸性能差异小,横向室温冲击吸收能量小于纵向,横纵向心部强度均高于表层。TC4合金板材经750~900 ℃退火,横纵截面为等轴组织,经950 ℃退火,横纵截面为双态组织,经980 ℃退火,横截面为双态组织,纵截面为魏氏组织。随着退火温度升高,TC4合金板材抗拉强度和规定塑性延伸强度呈下降趋势,伸长率基本不变,室温冲击吸收能量先升高后降低,900 ℃退火后,强度、伸长率和冲击吸收能量达到最佳匹配。     

轻组分绝对占优的蒸汽再压缩隔离壁蒸馏塔的最优拓扑结构

隔离壁蒸馏塔（DWC）的双塔多段拓扑结构导致蒸汽再压缩热泵（VRHP）的应用具有多种可能性，包括单VRHP、多VRHP、多级VRHP以及它们的相互组合等复杂结构，这显著加剧了蒸汽再压缩隔离壁蒸馏塔（DWC-VRHP）综合与设计的复杂性与烦琐性。为解决这一问题，针对轻组分绝对占优的三元宽沸点物系的分离问题推演了DWC-VRHP的最优拓扑结构，由此能够有效回避系统综合与设计过程中的结构搜索问题并显著降低模型化与搜索计算的工作强度。轻组分绝对占优与宽沸点物性导致了塔顶冷凝器与预分离蒸馏塔的提馏段是主要的热源与热阱，也决定了DWC-VRHP的最优拓扑结构，即一个二级VRHP与DWC的耦合系统。第一级VRHP用于进料预热，既充分利用温度提升跨度小的特点，又可以通过进料分流强化气液相间的物质传递。第二级VRHP用于加热预分离蒸馏塔的提馏段（或公共提馏段），能够最大限度地降低分离操作的非可逆性。采用苯/甲苯/邻二甲苯和正戊烷/正己烷/正庚烷两个物系的分离问题对所提出的DWC-VRHP的最优拓扑结构进行了分析与验证。通过与DWC以及DWC-VRHP其他潜在结构的系统性比较，显示了所提出系统结构在稳态性能方面的优越性。     

7号连铸机的NKK液位PID控制参数及结晶器流场优化

本钢三连铸的单流宽板坯连铸机从达涅利公司引进,于2008年12月4日建成投产,结晶器液位控制采用NKK技术。介绍了7号连铸机生产超低碳钢过程中,结晶器液位出现不稳定性波浪的原因,并通过改进NKK液位控制工艺,微调PID控制参数,以及优化结晶器流场等措施,提高了宽幅汽车板生产时的结晶器液位控制精度,并且解决和消除了不稳定型波浪的问题,使宽幅汽车板的轧制成材率大幅提升。     

广吸力范围内非饱和粉土动力变形特性

以非饱和粉土为研究对象,利用饱和盐溶液蒸汽平衡法和吸力可控的动三轴仪进行动力变形试验,得到了广吸力范围内非饱和粉土试样在净围压和吸力基本不变条件下的骨架曲线、动弹性模量和阻尼比,研究了吸力对非饱和粉土动力变形特性的影响。结果表明,在同一净围压下,非饱和粉土试样的骨架曲线和动弹性模量随着吸力增大而提高,而阻尼比随着吸力增大而减小。此外,随着试样的水力状态从边界效应区到过渡区再到残余区的变化,非饱和粉土试样的骨架曲线和动弹性模量的提高幅度逐渐减小,而阻尼比减小的趋势显著,动弹性模量随应变的衰减率随着吸力的增大而减小。     

Trees and wood: working with natural river processes

A history of land clearance and riparian tree and wood management has resulted in limited riparian woodland and wood along British rivers. However, river management approaches are now being promoted that ‘work with natural processes’ to reduce flood risk through measures intended to restore, protect and emulate the natural function of catchments, rivers, estuaries and coasts. Wood has started to be reintroduced into river channels during river restoration and natural flood management activities, but this needs to be undertaken using appropriate quantities, locations and designs that mimic natural tree‐wood features. This paper reviews the knowledge that is needed to support wood reintroduction activities including (i) the characteristics of the riparian tree species and wood that are present; (ii) the importance of river size relative to that of trees and wood pieces; and (iii) the way trees, wood and geomorphic processes interact across rivers and floodplains of different energy and style.     

Uptake of Cd, Zn and Mn by willow increases during terrestrialisation of initially ponded polluted sediments

Metal concentration of plants growing on contaminated soils among other factors may depend on changes in the hydrological regime of the soil. Foliar and stem metal concentrations in Salix cinerea (grey sallow) were measured in 2 consecutive growing seasons on a submerged sediment-derived soil that underwent gradual terrestrialisation. Foliar and stem cutting concentrations for Cd, Zn and Mn increased on plots that were submerged during the first year, but emerged in the second year of monitoring. The litter layer was sampled under the shrubs of a plot with a recent abrupt change in hydrological regime and on the reference plot. It was separated in three size fractions through sieving. Analysis of the litter fractions suggested that Cd and Zn concentrations remained constant during fragmentation. However, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb concentrations increased, which was attributed to adhesion of mineral soil particles on the fine fraction. After correction for the metal content in the mineral fraction, an increase in Cd, Mn and Cu concentration during fragmentation of the organic part of the litter layer was observed for the polluted plot. Net litter layer decomposition rate was low, which may indicate low colonisation by the decomposing community. Terrestrialisation resulted in higher Cd, Mn and Zn uptake by willows. The deviant litter layer metal concentrations for Cd, Zn and Mn and low decomposition rate must be further monitored. Feasibility of measures aiming at re-establishing wetland conditions for the dredged sediment landfill must be considered.