Effects of breed and age at slaughter on degradation of muscle lipids during processing of dry‐cured hams

Hams from Landrace, Duroc and Hampshire pigs slaughtered at ages 6, 7.5 and 9 months were processed to generate Norwegian Parma‐style hams. Lipid contents and the compositions of fatty acid classes (ΣSFA, ΣMUFA, ΣPUFA) within neutral lipids, phospholipids and free fatty acids were determined. Small differences in lipid degradation and composition of the classes were revealed. However, significant sensory differences related to lipids were observed. Breed was more important than age. Dry‐cured Hampshire hams gave a more intense mature odour that may be associated with higher overall lipid degradation. Unexpectedly, these hams also demonstrated high juiciness and tenderness, which could be related to the melting characteristics of the fat. Dry‐cured Duroc hams showed a higher susceptibility towards rancidity, presumably associated with preferential oxidation of n‐6 fatty acids relative to C18:1 n‐9. Dry‐cured Landrace hams showed the lowest juiciness and tenderness, likely due to their lower fat content (marbling).     

Modelling of black carbon statistical distribution and return periods of extreme concentrations

Eight datasets of 1-h black carbon (BC) concentrations measured in Warsaw agglomeration (Poland), at urban background and sub-urban sites, and in Racibórz, a small town in Upper Silesia district (regional background site) were analyzed to evaluate BC levels, daily profiles and statistical distributions of concentrations in Central-Eastern European region. The observed mean levels ranged from 1483 ng m⁻³ in suburban site during summer to 3358 ng m⁻³ in regional background site in winter. Observed diurnal patterns were bimodal in the locations dominated by traffic emissions, but unimodal, with elevated evening peak in individually heated residential area. Three theoretical frequency distributions were applied to fit analyzed datasets separately. The lognormal distribution was the most appropriate to represent the middle-range values, while the high concentrations were satisfactorily predicted by the type I two-parameter exponential distribution which was used to estimate the return periods of extreme concentrations for winter months.     

Precision measurement of energy and position resolutions of the BTeV electromagnetic calorimeter prototype

The energy dependence of the energy and position resolutions of the electromagnetic calorimeter prototype made of lead tungstate crystals produced in Bogoroditsk (Russia) and Shanghai (China) is presented. These measurements were carried out at the Protvino accelerator using a 1–45 GeV electron beam. The crystals were coupled to photomultiplier tubes. The dependence of energy and position resolutions on different factors as well as the measured electromagnetic shower lateral profile are presented.     

用增量的累积量方法测量大气风场

为了在非平稳、非线性条件下能得到真实风场的良好估计,提出了一种用空间分布天线（SA）雷达信号的增量累积量测量大气风场参数的方法。该方法基于结构函数方法,利用高阶累计量在信息处理中的特性,用零延迟的增量累计量求解平均水平风速等具体参量，并在大气散射模型基础上对增量累积量方法进行了数值模拟,得出了同理论分析一致的结果.分析和计算表明,该方法完全适用于局地平稳条件，可以减小风场参量估计对天线间距的敏感度；阶数k≥3时,对高斯噪声有很强抑制;同时可以得到风场参量的高阶估计，这是普通的二阶方法（如全相关分析、全谱分析）不具备的。     

600 A IGBT开关电路及其散热系统设计

采用IGBT开关电路，对大功率电阻带进行直流脉宽调制控制，实现了内燃机车大功率直流发电机负载实验中的负载大小的连续调节。为了避免在实验过程中IGBT器件的温度过高，采用独特的双管IGBT结构和双向强迫风冷的散热系统。实验表明该电路运行稳定、可靠。     

饼干炉湿度控制的改进方法

在大空间的温度控制系统中 ,采用简单的PID控制规律 ,对空间的温度、湿度进行解藕计算 ,将空间的相对湿度控制转化为送风含湿量的控制。该控制方式稳定、可靠 ,并且节约能源。本方法适用于所有的烘烤炉中     

LW-601喷水织机长丝织物松紧档疵点的成因及对策

松紧档疵点是喷水织机长丝织物织造过程中常见病疵之一。通过分析LW -60 1喷水织机的送经和卷取装置的工作原理 ,从机械调整与维护、生产过程管理及工艺优化等方面探讨了其产生的原因 ,并针对性提出了实用对策     

塑料挤出型材车间公用工程设计

鉴于当今人们对塑料门窗需求量的增大，通过对5个塑料挤出型材车间的设计，将其公用工程设计整理成文，总结出塑料挤出型材车间的采暖通风设计，压缩空气系统设计，制冷系统设计的较详尽的方案，以供有关设计技术人员参考。     

FW调剖技术及应用

应用FW调剖技术有针对性地对 119口非钻停井区注水井采取了 4种精细调剖方案 ,对比了化学浅调剖应用前后注水井层间矛盾的缓解 ,纵向上吸水剖面的改善 ,注水量和吸水指数的变化及渗流能力的变化。结果表明 ,注水井化学浅调剖后 ,井区的连通油井明显受效 ,获得较高的增油量 ,水驱的开发效果得到改善。化学浅调剖可以有效地封堵高渗透层 ,扩大低渗透层注入水的波及体积 ,减缓注水井层间矛盾 ,实现了对注水井吸水剖面的有效调整 ,这对深化注水结构调整、挖掘各类油层潜力、提高储量动用程度有显著的效果。