柠檬马鞭草精油结合亚麻籽胶对大菱鲆肌原纤维蛋白生化特性及构象的影响

本文旨在探究柠檬马鞭草精油结合亚麻籽胶对冰温贮藏大菱鲆肌原纤维蛋白(myofibril protein,MP)生化特性及构象的影响。以未涂膜处理组为对照,实验组用添加质量浓度为0%、0.128%、0.64%和1.28%柠檬马鞭草精油的复合涂膜处理,分析冰温贮藏期间大菱鲆MP结构及生化特性的变化。结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,所有组大菱鲆MP的总巯基含量和Ca^2+-ATPase活性均不断下降,游离氨基酸含量不断上升,且经0.128%质量浓度柠檬马鞭草精油复合涂膜处理的大菱鲆MP的总巯基含量在贮藏15 d后比对照组增加了22.04%,表明复合涂膜显著抑制了MP的氧化。傅里叶变换红外光谱测定发现复合涂膜处理抑制了α-螺旋相对含量的减少,同时涂膜能显著减缓内源荧光强度的下降速率,维持大菱鲆MP结构的稳定。此外,透射电镜观察表明添加0.128%质量浓度柠檬马鞭草精油复合涂膜处理的大菱鲆在贮藏后期依然保持较完整的肌原纤维结构。因此,柠檬马鞭草精油-亚麻籽胶复合涂膜能显著抑制冰温贮藏大菱鲆MP的氧化和降解,且精油质量浓度为0.128%时抑制效果最佳,表明这种复合涂膜用来保鲜大菱鲆具有一定的应用前景。     

Microwave irradiated Carrageenan-Guar gum micro-porous IPN: a novel material for isotropic tissue scaffolding

In this study, a novel micro porous honeycomb structured Crg-GG-IPN material was incepted to be applicable as scaffold and accomplished. The hydrophilicity was confirmed by FT-IR and OCA. Amorphous nature and micro-rough surface were confirmed by XRD and AFM. Void fraction was 0.61?±?0.04. Void space, hemocompatibility and platelet adhesion were captured by SEM. Degradability of the material was confirmed by in-vitro degradation study. Incision method using mice model was a clear evidence for cell attachment and non-toxicity and was confirmed from hematology and histopathology. Thus, it appears that Crg-GG scaffolds can be useful as wound healing material for clinical applications.     

The effect of hydrolysed tragacanth gum and inulin on the probiotic viability and quality characteristics of low‐fat yoghurt

This study investigates the effect of supplementation of tragacanth gum (GT, 0.05% w/v), low molecular weight gum tragacanth (LMWGT, 0.5% w/v) and inulin (0.5% w/v) on the viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum and the quality parameters of low‐fat yoghurt during a three‐week storage period. The count of probiotics was found to be 7.8 log cfu/g in inulin, and LMWGT enriched yoghurts at the end of the storage period. The minimum water holding capacity and the maximum syneresis values were also obtained in the low‐fat yoghurt enriched with GT throughout the storage time. The samples containing inulin and LMWGT revealed sensory attributes that were judged superior compared to those in GT.     

Study on retrogradation of maize starch–flaxseed gum mixture under various storage temperatures

This study aimed to investigate the effect of flaxseed gum (FG) on the retrogradation of maize starch (MS) gels under different storage temperatures. In this work, MS‐FG gels with 0–0.4% FG were stored under different temperatures (–20, 4 and 20 °C). Under all storage temperatures, the addition of FG inhibited the retrogradation process of MS, suppressed the recrystallisation of starch molecules, reduced the water loss of starch gels and improved the texture of the gels. Among the three storage temperatures, ?20 °C could almost stop the starch retrogradation but leading it results in the hardest gel texture. The retrogradation of MS‐FG gels stored under 4 °C was most serious with the fastest rate of recrystallisation. When stored at 20 °C, the gels had a retrogradation degree that was lower than when they were stored at 4 °C and also had the softest texture.     

Irradiated Ch/GG/PVP-based stimuli-responsive hydrogels for controlled drug release

Hydrogels based on gamma (γ) irradiated chitosan (pre-irradiated), guar gum, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone were crosslinked with various concentrations of (3-mercapto propyl)trimethoxysilane and fabricated by solution casting technique for the drug delivery applications. High molecular weight chitosan (Ch) possesses lower solubility and higher viscosity, these problems overcame by γ irradiation, which also generated hydrophilicity and effect of irradiated Ch on controlled drug release was assessed. FTIR analysis showed the development of chemical and physical interactions and confirmed the incorporation of characteristic peaks. SEM micrographs revealed porous structure of the prepared hydrogels. Swelling analysis of the hydrogels was performed in distilled water, buffer, and electrolyte mediums. All the hydrogel samples showed higher swelling at acidic pH and lower swelling at neutral and basic pH. These pH-responsive characteristics made these RCGP hydrogels an important contender for injectable controlled drug release. The ampicillin sodium drug was loaded and in vitro controlled release mechanism was evaluated in the PBS, SIF, and SGF which shown out of all prepared hydrogels (RCGP-1, RCGP-2, and RCGP-3), RCGP-1 has exhibited 87.4% release in PBS and 81.3% in SIF in 180 min.     

Incorporation of calcium salts into xanthan gum matrices: hydration,erosion and drug release characteristics

Xanthan gum (XG), a hydrophilic biopolymer with modified release properties, was used to produce directly compressed matrix tablets containing a model drug, sodium p-aminosalicylate. Three formulations were prepared, each containing a different calcium dihydrate salt: calcium chloride, calcium sulfate or dibasic calcium phosphate. The aim of the investigation was to relate the calcium ion content and solubility of the calcium salt to the in vitro drug release profile of the xanthan matrices. Tablet hydration, erosion and drug release were determined in distilled water using the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) paddle method. The data showed that the overall drug release was the greatest with addition of calcium sulfate, followed by calcium chloride and dibasic calcium phosphate. The chloride salt formulation displayed the greatest percentage erosion due to rapid mass loss during the initial phase, followed by those with sulfate or phosphate salts. As xanthan gel viscosity increased and drug release was also found to be lower, it can be concluded that drug release is influenced by the solubility of the salt present in the formulation, since these parameters determine the viscosity and structure of the gel layer.     

杜仲橡胶的环氧化改性研究

采用溶液法对杜仲橡胶（EUG）进行环氧化改性，考察反应条件对环氧化反应的影响，采用红外光谱法、氢核磁共振谱法和差示扫描量热法等研究环氧度（E）对环氧化EUG（EEUG）熔融-结晶行为的影响。结果表明：随着反应温度升高和甲酸用量增大，E逐渐增大；反应温度为50 ℃，n（双键）︰n（甲酸）︰n（双氧水）=1︰0.8︰1时，E较大且无明显的副反应；环氧化反应未改变橡胶分子链构型，EEUG的分子链仍然是反式-1，4-结构，未出现顺式-1，4-结构；随着E增大，EEUG的结晶能力减弱，E为24.8%时EEUG完全失去结晶能力，宏观上由室温下的硬质塑料转变为弹性体。     

离子对κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶相互作用的影响研究

采用剪切黏度、动态黏弹模量、石英晶体微天平等技术研究了离子种类及混合条件对κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶相互作用的影响。结果表明,K+可促进两者的相互作用,而Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+则对两者相互作用没有明显影响。K+对κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶相互作用的促进存在阶段性,即0~25mmol/L时促进效果逐渐增加,达到30 mmol/L时促进效果减弱,继续增加K+浓度则会进一步促进κ-卡拉胶/刺槐豆胶的相互作用。在固定K+浓度时,卡拉胶和刺槐豆胶质量比为3:7、pH为4.0时有最佳协同效应。这种相互作用与卡拉胶螺旋结构数量变化有关。     

Effect of biopolymers on permeability of sand-bentonite mixtures

Application of biopolymer-modified geomaterials in waste disposal practices is gaining wide acceptance due to their superior tensile characteristics and improved crack resistance. Permeability is an important design parameter which determines the suitability of a material as a liner for construction of engineered landfills. Given this, the permeability characteristics of sand-bentonite mixtures amended with biopolymers was studied using a modified-falling head permeability apparatus under an accelerated gravity environment. Both distilled water and synthetic leachate were utilized as permeant liquid to assess the role of biopolymer amendment on the permeation behavior of sand-bentonite mixtures. Experimental results indicate that addition of biopolymers causes aggregation of the clay platelets, which in turn enhances the permeation behavior of the biopolymer-modified sand-bentonite mixtures. These mixtures meet the regulatory requirement of the liner.