提高克劳斯硫回收装置收率的方法

基于某厂克劳斯硫回收装置,对影响克劳斯硫回收率的因素进行分析,发现反应温度、酸气组成、催化剂、工艺及设备等因素对硫回收率产生重要影响;提出了改进措施来提高克劳斯硫回收装置的回收率,包括:①使用主、副调节阀减小酸性气流量变化的影响;②应用在线分析仪,控制反应计量比;③采用预热空气和酸性气等方法处理含NH3酸性气;④选用性能好的催化剂;⑤调节高温掺合阀开度,控制一级转化器操作温度;⑥采用过程气换热器加热,通过旁路来控制二级转化器操作温度。     

基于离散PSO算法的Claus硫磺回收过程模型变量的选择

克劳斯(Claus)硫磺回收过程中存在诸多影响质量指标的变量,利用全部变量建模会增加模型复杂性,且获取的冗余信息会降低建模精度。针对这个问题,本文提出采用基于离散粒子群的算法(PSO)进行建模变量的选择。首先,采用离散PSO算法,通过迭代优化得到建模的最优输入变量组合,再通过偏最小二乘(PLS)对所选变量建立建模。结果:表明,该方法:通过更少的建模变量获得更高的模型精度。     

CPS 硫磺回收工艺在塔中某处理厂的应用

塔中某处理厂硫磺回收采用分流法低温克劳斯工艺,通过一级常规克劳斯和三级低温克劳斯反应完成单质硫的回收和尾气的处理,保证硫收率达到99.25％以上及尾气排放合格。文中对装置的工艺特点进行简单介绍,并对生产过程中遇到的问题与应对措施进行分析和说明,充分证明了CPS硫磺回收工艺非常适合该处理厂的实际情况。     

克劳斯工艺尾气硫磺、硫化氢超标的处理

针对克劳斯硫回收工艺处理硫化氢酸性气尾气中硫磺、硫化氢超标,造成尾气管道堵塞、阀门卡涩,腐蚀及氨法脱硫装置系统紊乱等一系列问题,进行针对性改造,基本解决上述问题。     

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??Aimed at relevancy chemical equilibrium, material balance and thermal equilibrium of the reaction stove and converter of Claus sulfur recovery by direct method, this paper establishes two nonlinear equations sets, and carries out numerieal calculation by use of the Newton-Raphson algorithm for derivation, measures the composition from the mouth of reaction stove and converter, and calculates the optimum air ration and the optimum reaction temperature. The related problems are discussed and some examples calculated are given.     

直流法克劳斯过程最佳化计算的初步研究

本文针对直流法克劳斯硫磺回收反应炉、转化器关联化学平衡,物料平衡及热平衡建立了两个非线性方程组,用求导数的牛顿——拉夫森法进行数值计算,求反应炉及转化器出口组成,并计算出最佳空气配给量及最佳反应温度。对有关问题进行了讨论并附有计算实例。     

三级克劳斯硫回收装置运行总结

介绍了三级克劳斯硫回收装置催化剂分层装填及工艺操作条件。总结了运行过程中遇到的问题及处理措施。     

Modeling and simulation of non-isothermal catalytic packed bed membrane reactor for H2S decomposition

The recovery of H₂ from H₂S is an economical alternative to the Claus process in petroleum and minerals processing industries. Previous studies [React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 62 (1997) 55; Catal. Lett. 37 (1996) 167] have demonstrated that catalytic decomposition of H₂S over bimetallic sulfide can proceed at relatively higher rates than over mono-metallic systems due to chemical synergism although conversions are still thermodynamically limited. In the present study, the performance of a catalytic membrane reactor containing a packed bed of Ru–Mo sulfide catalyst has been investigated with a view to improving H₂ yield beyond the equilibrium ceiling. A system of differential equations describing the non-isothermal reactor model has been solved to examine the effect of important hydrodynamic and transport properties on conversion. The results were obtained using a Pt-coated Nb membrane tube as the catalytic reactor enclosed in a quartz shell cylinder. Reynolds number for shell and tube side (Re^s and Re^t) as well as the modified wall Peclet number, Pe_m, dramatically affect H₂S conversions. Membrane reactor conversion rose monotonically with axial distance exceeding the equilibrium conversion by as much as eight times under some conditions.     

Thermal Decomposition Of Carbonyl Sulfide At Temperatures Encountered In The Front End Of Modified Claus Plants

Understanding the kinetics of the formation and consumption of COS and CS₂ in the front end of the modified Claus process will be a significant step towards reducing the environmental impact of these plants. Specifically, homogeneous intrinsic rate expressions are needed for engineering design and simulation, which will lead to new, optimized ways of operating these plants. Hence, a high-temperature kinetic study of the COS decomposition reaction was carried out. Experiments were performed with inlet COS compositions in the range of 0.20-2.33 mol%, with pressures at 101-150 kPa and temperatures at 800-1100°C; these conditions cover the conditions typically encountered in the front end of the modified Claus process. The experimental results showed that COS conversion is dependent on the inlet concentration of COS, which contrasts with previously reported higher temperature studies. Finally, the COS decomposition kinetics were modeled as the sum of two reactions, which provided a satisfactory representation of experimental data.