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1.
孙雪梅 《石化技术》2020,(4):299-300
以南海某油气田的深水水下管汇为例,结合管汇的功能需求、结构组成、结构计算等,对深水水下管汇的结构设计进行了概述。  相似文献   
2.
The collapse of Diporeia spp. and invasions of dreissenid mussels (zebra, Dreissena polymorpha; quagga, D. bugensis) and round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) have been associated with declines in abundance of native benthic fishes in the Great Lakes, including historically abundant slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). We hypothesized that as round goby colonized deeper habitat, slimy sculpin avoided habitat competition, predation, and aggression from round goby by shifting to deeper habitat. Accordingly, we predicted increased depth overlap of slimy sculpin with both round goby and deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) that resulted in habitat squeeze by both species. We used long-term bottom trawl data from Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario to evaluate shifts in slimy sculpin depth and their depth overlap with round goby and deepwater sculpin. Lake Huron most supported our hypotheses as slimy sculpin shifted to deeper habitat coincident with the round goby invasion, and depth overlap between slimy sculpin and both species recently increased. Slimy sculpin depth trends in Lakes Michigan and Ontario suggest other ecological and environmental factors better predicted sculpin depth in these lakes.  相似文献   
3.
Beginning in 2013, sites at the 128-m bottom depth contour were added to the sampling design of the annual Lake Michigan bottom trawl survey for prey fish, which has been conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey Great Lakes Science Center (GLSC) each fall since 1973, to better assess fish depth distributions in a changing ecosystem. The standard sampling design included bottom depths from 9 to 110 m, although the GLSC also sporadically conducted bottom trawl tows at the 128-m bottom depth contour during 1973–1988. Enactment of this new sampling design in 2013 revealed that mean biomass density of deepwater sculpins (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) at the 128-m depth exceeded the sum of mean biomass densities at shallower depths, indicating that the bulk of the deepwater sculpin population is residing in waters deeper than 110 m. Thus, our findings supported the hypothesis that the depth distribution of the deepwater sculpin population had shifted to deeper waters beginning in 2007, thereby explaining, at least in part, the marked decline in deepwater sculpin abundance since 2006 based on the standard sampling design. In contrast, our results did not support the hypothesis that the slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) population had shifted to deeper waters sometime after 2000. A portion of the burbot (Lota lota) population may have also shifted in depth distribution to waters deeper than 110 m after 2007, based on our results. Our findings have served as an impetus to further expand the range of depths sampled in our bottom trawl survey.  相似文献   
4.
国内外深水固井设备及国产化方向   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
侯林  李斌  雷彪  于海安 《当代化工》2015,(3):590-591,594
全球深水固井装备市场几乎被哈里伯顿、斯伦贝谢、贝克休斯-BJ三大油田服务公司所垄断。三家公司掌握了大量关键专利技术,在深水固井设备制造和研发领域处于领先甚至垄断地位。随着中国南海开发建设,以及中海油深水战略的推动,中国迫切需要掌握深水钻采核心技术和关键装备的制造和研发。介绍了国外三家固井服务商的深水固井装备性能参数及特点优势,总结归纳了深水设备的共性,进行了深水设备的国产化思考,陈述了国内科研项目开展情况,描绘了国产化和系列化蓝图。  相似文献   
5.
深水和非常规油气的快速发展,改变了原有的世界油气供给格局。总结和梳理年度油气勘探新发现和分布特征是了解世界油气供给格局特点、研判世界油气未来发展趋势的主要手段之一。2012年海洋新发现油气储量占全年新增储量的90%,东非和南美东部海域成为世界最主要油气储量增长区,南里海和东地中海等油气热点潜力地区勘探不断突破,北极巴伦支海等油气战略接替区勘探进展提速,美洲非常规油气供给带初步形成。发展关键技术、加大深水风险勘探力度、持续拓展非常规油气成为未来世界油气领域的主要发展方向。  相似文献   
6.
深水油气科技发展现状与趋势   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
作为全球未来油气资源的主要接替区,海洋深水区已成为很多国家的战略要地。相比于陆地和浅水区而言,科学技术在深水油气勘探开发中的作用更加突出。通过对深水油气地质特征、勘探技术(地震技术和非地震技术)和开采技术(立管技术、开发井钻井技术及完井采油技术)发展现状的系统调研和深入分析,结合主要国际石油公司的发展规划、近年召开的国际著名油气会议和油田技术服务公司取得的试验成果,总结归纳出深水油气科技四大发展趋势,同时对我国在该领域的发展提出了几点建议。  相似文献   
7.
Deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii are an important component of Great Lake's offshore benthic food webs. Recent declines in deepwater sculpin abundance and changes in bathymetric distribution may be associated with changes in the deepwater food web of Lake Huron, particularly, decreased abundance of benthic invertebrates such as Diporeia. To assess how deepwater sculpins have responded to recent changes, we examined a fifteen-year time series of spatial and temporal patterns in abundance as well as the diets of fish collected in bottom trawls during fall of 2003, 2004, and 2005. During 1992–2007, deepwater sculpin abundance declined on a lake-wide scale but the decline in abundance at shallower depths and in the southern portion of Lake Huron was more pronounced. Of the 534 fish examined for diet analysis, 97% had food in the stomach. Mysis, Diporeia, and Chironomidae were consumed frequently, while sphaerid clams, ostracods, fish eggs, and small fish were found in only low numbers. We found an inverse relationship between prevalence of Mysis and Diporeia in diets that reflected geographic and temporal trends in abundance of these invertebrates in Lake Huron. Because deepwater sculpins are an important trophic link in offshore benthic food webs, declines in population abundance and changes in distribution may cascade throughout the food web and impede fish community restoration goals.  相似文献   
8.
With the rapid development of deepwater drilling operations,more and more complex technical challenges have to be faced due to the rigorous conditions encountered.One of these challenges is that the drilling fluid used must had good rheological properties at low temperatures and high ability to inhibit hydrate formation.Synthetic drilling fluid has been widely applied to deepwater drilling operations due to its high penetration rate,excellent rheological properties,good ability to prevent hydrate formation,and high biodegradability.A synthetic drilling fluid formulation was developed in our laboratory.The rheological properties of this drilling fluid at low temperatures (0-20 °C) were tested with a 6-speed viscometer and its ability to inhibit hydrate formation was evaluated at 20 MPa CH 4 gas and 0 °C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Several factors influencing the low temperature rheological properties of this synthetic drilling fluid were studied in this paper.These included the viscosity of the base fluid,the amount of CEMU and organic clay,and the water volume fraction.  相似文献   
9.
高德利 《天然气工业》1981,40(8):169-176
中国南海的石油天然气资源十分丰富,但其大多数都埋藏于深水区,油气勘探开发工作面临着许多难题和挑战。历经多年的探索与实践,我国海洋油气钻探工程已经实现了从浅水(水深300 m以内)到超深水(水深超过1 500 m)的跨越,并在南海发现了丰富的天然气与海域天然气水合物(以下简称水合物)资源,亟待进行安全高效开发,因而对相应的天然气及其水合物高效开发模式与技术支撑体系提出了迫切的需求。为此,针对深海天然气及其水合物安全高效开发的重大课题,提出了适用于常规天然气的“水平井或复杂结构井浮式钻完井+水下钻采系统+浮式生产、集输与浮式液化天然气生产储卸装置(FLNG)处理系统+船运外输”的开发模式及其技术支撑体系,以及适用于非常规天然气——海域天然气水合物的“水平井或复杂结构井浮式钻完井+水合物原位分解开采+水下或浮式生产与集输处理系统+管道或船运外输”的开发模式及其技术支撑体系;论述了大位移井、“U”形井等先进井型的开发模式及其适用的海洋地质环境,并给出了“U”形井的连通控制模型;此外,还介绍了与深水钻井力学和设计控制技术相关的研究进展。结论认为,建立先进适用的工程模式及其技术支撑体系,寻求实现“地质—工程—市场”一体化的解决方案,同时加强相关的信息化与智能化建设,是深海天然气及其水合物安全高效开发的关键之所在。  相似文献   
10.
为了在钻前阶段对待钻井的风险概率进行定量评估,以南海西部莺琼盆地某高温高压气田古近系黄流组实测地层孔隙压力和破裂压力为样本,基于Mode-C模型建立地层孔隙压力、破裂压力当量密度的概率密度函数,进而确定不同方位、井斜角的定向井在窄窗口地层的钻井安全概率。研究结果表明:①该气田黄流组储层段地层孔隙压力、破裂压力当量密度频率分布形态均为左偏态,地层孔隙压力当量密度低于2.28 g/cm3的概率约为85%,破裂压力当量密度低于2.30 g/cm3的概率约为15%;②对于直井而言,采用常规钻井手段维持井底压力当量密度为2.25~2.35 g/cm3、波动幅度为0.1 g/cm3,有60%的概率能够实现安全钻井,若采用控压钻井技术将波动幅度控制在0.02 g/cm3以内,则有85%的概率能够实现安全钻井;③对于井斜角为45°的开发井,维持井底压力当量密度为2.23~2.33 g/cm3、波动幅度为0.1 g/cm3,则有45%的概率能够实现安全钻井,若采用控压钻井技术将波动幅度控制在0.02 g/cm3以内,则有75%的概率能实现安全钻井;④对于井斜角为90°的水平井,维持井底压力当量密度为2.18~2.28 g/cm3、波动幅度为0.1 g/cm3,则有30%的概率能够实现安全钻井,若采用控压钻井技术将波动幅度控制在0.02 g/cm3以内,则有55%的概率能够实现安全钻井;⑤所提出的方法仅适用于区域上的整体预测,并不适用于具体待钻单井的风险预测;⑥对具体单井而言,需要根据钻前地震、地质资料、邻井的钻井/测井/录井资料、目标井随钻测井/录井数据,采用中途VSP地层层速度反演技术及随钻前视技术,动态预测下部关键层深度和压力窗口,实时优化井身结构,调整套管下入深度,以实现钻井安全概率的大幅度提升。  相似文献   
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