一种钻井液用高效抗磨润滑剂

长水平井段高摩阻扭矩及深井高温高压环境，对钻井液润滑剂的润滑抗磨能力提出了更高的要求。传统钻井液用润滑剂难以满足上述技术要求。基于“固-液”协同高效润滑技术思路，优选改性植物油MVO-3、改性可膨胀石墨GIC，结合分散剂、乳化剂的优选及制备条件的优化，研制出了一种高效抗磨润滑剂SDL-1。评价结果表明，5%淡水基浆、4%盐水浆中加入0.5% SDL-1时，其润滑系数降低率分别为不小于85%、大于70%。SDL-1与现场钻井液的配伍性良好，抗温达150℃，起泡率低，且荧光级别小于5级。销-盘式摩擦磨损实验结果表明，SDL-1的抗磨耐磨效果优良，润滑持效性较好，可有效缓解或解决复杂井高摩阻扭矩技术难题，具有良好的推广应用价值。      

Quantitative structure-properties relationship,molecular dynamic simulations and designs of some novel lubricant additives

Quantitative structure-properties relationship (QSPR) method was used to design some novel antioxidant lubricant additives, while molecular dynamics simulations were used to calculate their dynamic binding energies on steel and to hydrogen-containing DLC (a-C: H) crystal surfaces. 29 synthesized antioxidant lubricant additives were collected from literature and geometrically optimized by Spartan’14 version 1.1.2 software while Genetic Function Algorithm (GFA) method of the material studio version 8.0 software was used to build the predictive QSPR model. Four novel antioxidant lubricant additives were successfully designed out of which E)-3-(4-((3-amino-4-methylphenyl)diazenyl)-5-hydroxy-4H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2-argio-6,7-difluoroquinazolin-4(3H)-one with excellent property of 3.531295 (KOH/g) was found to be better than the one reported by other researchers. The dynamic binding energy results revealed that one of the designed additives was excellently bound to steel (?1120.11 kcal/mol) and to hydrogen-containing DLC (a-C: H) crystals surface (7814.156 kcal/mol) surfaces than its co-additives. This investigation shows that the entire studied antioxidant lubricant additive was found to be better bound to the steel surface than hydrogen-containing DLC (a-C: H) crystals surface. This study will help in synthesizing novel anti-oxidant lubricant additives with better additive properties that will slow the tendency of oil to oxidize and will not possess a threat to the environment as the structures do not contain zinc and phosphorus that could limit the operation of the catalytic converter in the exhaust pipe.     

Physicochemical and tribological properties of microalgae oil as biolubricant for hydrogen-powered engine

Hydrogen fuel offers a cleaner fuel alternative to fossil fuel due to more efficient burning as well as reduces the environmental and health issues brought by fossil fuel usage. In engine application, regardless of either pure hydrogen or in combination with air or/and other biofuel, all the moving parts are exposed to friction and wear, and lubricant is used to minimize friction and wear for optimum operation. Thus, in this study, the use of microalgae oil as an alternative biolubricant is evaluated from the physicochemical and tribological aspects. It is found that modified microalgae oil (MMO) has demonstrated great anti-friction and anti-wear potential, particularly the 10% modified microalgae oil blend (MMO-10). The coefficient of friction is reduced (up to 10.1%) and significant reductions of wear loss and surface roughness are obtained in comparison to pure poly-alpha-olefin. Lubricant's heat dissipation is also enhanced with MMO addition, demonstrating great prospect for MMO for hydrogen-powered engine utilization.     

高碱值环烷酸钙清净剂的制备

文章使用精制环烷酸和氧化钙为原料合成了中碱值环烷酸钙清净剂,并对反应条件进行优化。在适宜的工艺条件(氧化钙与环烷酸的摩尔比,10∶1;甲醇的加入量,8 mL;碳酸化反应温度,68℃;二氧化碳通入速率,120 mL/min;通入时间,60 min)下,可以获得TBN=339mgKOH/g的高碱值环烷酸钙清净剂产品。     

疏水抑制水基钻井液体系研究及其在页岩气井的应用

针对龙马溪组页岩气水平井钻井井壁失稳问题,研制出一种疏水抑制剂CQ-SIA和一种液体润滑剂CQ-LSA,并形成一套疏水抑制水基钻井液体系。CQ-SIA具有双亲特性,能使亲水的岩石表面发生润湿反转,在岩石表面形成一层疏水膜,具有强化抑制与包被的作用,实验测得岩屑在1% CQ-SIA中的滚动回收率为83.72%,明显高于KPAM、AP-1以及KCl。CQ-LSA具有特定的基团与结构,能在亲水的钻具、泥饼和地层岩石表面形成亲油膜,降低摩阻,实验测得加有1% CQ-LSA的5%膨润土浆黏附系数为0.050 7,低于加有RH-220和BARALUBE的膨润土浆。该疏水抑制水基钻井液的抑制性和润滑性能与油基钻井液相当,具有良好的流变性能和抗污染性能,加有1%~3%防塌封堵剂、1%~2%聚合醇和0.8%~1.6%纳米封堵剂,封堵能力强。该体系在长宁H25-8井进行了首次现场试验,在1 500 m水平井段的钻井过程中,该体系各项性能稳定,配制维护工艺简单,井下未出现任何复杂,起下钻、电测、下套管、固井作业顺利,表明该体系能满足长宁页岩气水平井的钻井需要。      

An analysis of used lubricant recycling unit in Turkey

In chemical industries such as lube oil recycling units, stakeholders seek to continuously increase the productivity and profitability of the chemical processes to survive in the market. While scholars have investigated technological production options, recycling, and lube oil recycling flows, there is not enough study that evaluates the interplay between the production volume allocation and the recycled oil quality and quantity contingent upon the process temperature and pressure. The results based on a case study in the Kayalar Dorse production in Turkey show that by optimizing the chemical process mix, the volume of the lubricant oil can be increased by 20% at almost zero variable cost increase.     

Novel method for separation and screening of lubricant-degrading microorganisms and bacterial biodegradation☆

With the rapid increase of lubricant consumption,oil contamination becomes more serious.Biotreatment is an important method to remove oil contamination with some advantages.In this study,acclimatized oilcontaminated soil and used lubricating oil were sampled to isolate lubricant-degrading strains by several methods.51 isolates were obtained and 24-well plates were employed to assess bacterial potential in highthroughput screening.The method was noted for the prominence of oil–water two-phase system with saving chemicals,shortening cycles and lessening workloads.In order to decrease inaccuracy,subculture and resting cells were inoculated into mineral salt medium with 200 μl oil in well plates for the cultivation at 37 °C for 5and 7 days,and the biodegradation potential was characterized by the changes of oil film and cell density.With appropriate evaluation by shaking flask tests,5 isolates were retained for their potentials with the maximum biodegradation from 1500 to 2200 mg · L~(-1)and identified as Acidovorax citrulli,Pseudomonas balearica,Acinetobacter johnsonii(two isolates with different biodegradation potentials)and Acidovorax avenae using 16 S r RNA sequencing analysis.Also,lipase activity was determined using indicator titration and p-nitrophenyl palmitate(p-NPP)methods.The results indicated that only p-NPP was successful to test lipase activity with the range of 1.93–6.29 U · ml~(-1).Although these five strains could degrade 1000 mg · L~(-1)lubricating oil in158–168 h,there existed distinct difference in enzyme activity,which demonstrates that lipase activity could not be used as the criterion to evaluate microbial biodegradation potential for petroleum hydrocarbons.     

Molecular dynamics studies of lubricant depletion under moving laser heating: Effects of laser power and film thickness

Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to study the depletion behaviors of perfluoro-lubricants under scanning laser heating for heat-assisted magnetic recording hard disk drives. A partial lubricant near the substrate is irradiated by the laser beam to mimic nano-scale heat transfer from disk to lubricant. The lubricant surface morphology and thickness profiles are examined to reveal the dynamic depletion behaviors. The localized temperature evolution is also evaluated to illustrate the direction-dependent ridge formation around the depletion zone. In addition, the effects of laser power and film thickness on lubricant depletion are explored. Although evaporation is enhanced significantly at high laser powers or for lubricant with thickness around one monolayer, thermodiffusion is the primary mode of lubricant depletion under scanning laser heating.     

A review of corrosion inhibitors for rust preventative fluids

Corrosion of metals has been a widespread issue in industries for centuries. The use of corrosion inhibitors in rust preventative fluids are commonly employed to provide the temporary corrosion protection to metals. The aim of this review is to summarize the rust inhibition properties, inhibition mechanism, chemistry and development of corrosion inhibitors for rust preventative fluids. Some suggestions for further research on corrosion inhibitors have also been discussed.