水力空化改质对重质原油沥青质及性质的影响

利用水力空化过程产生局部的高温、高压、高射流以及强大的剪切力等极端化学物理条件改质处理沙特重质原油，试验结果表明：沙特重质原油经过水力空化改质后粘度由13.61降低至7.22mm2/s，残碳由7.16%降低至6.48%，实沸点蒸馏后减压渣油降低1个百分点。进一步采用APPI FT-IR MS、XRD、FT-IR、SEM和粒度分布等技术研究了水力空化改质对沙重原油分子组成，沥青质团聚体微晶结构、沥青质胶束粒径分布、沥青质官能团、沥青质形貌等方面的影响，从分子角度阐述空化改质重油的机理。研究结果表明：水力空化改质后沙重原油分子量分布、芳烃类化合物缔合作用变小；沥青质对低DBE化合物吸附性能降低；沥青质团聚体微晶结构更加松散；沥青质胶束粒度分布降低；沥青质分子相互团聚作用力减弱。进一步考察了水力空化改质前后减压渣油延迟焦化性能，改质处理后焦炭产率降低1.85个百分点，液体收率和气体产率分别增加1.52和0.33个百分点，水力空化改质对沥青质性质、结构特点的改善能够有效的提高其加工性能。     

Influence of pressure and CO2 content on the asphaltene precipitation and oil recovery during CO2 flooding

During CO₂ flooding, the crude oil is treated with CO₂, and meanwhile it is displaced by CO₂. Based on the two processes, the influence of pressure and CO₂ content on the asphaltene precipitation and oil recovery efficiency are systematically investigated by indoor simulation experiment. With the increase of the pressure or CO₂ content during CO₂ treatment, the amount of asphaltene precipitation can be increased to a certain value. Correspondingly, the degrees of the changes of oil-water interface, the compositions of crude oil, and reservoir permeability are positively correlated with the amount of asphaltene precipitation. However, during the process, the oil recovery has an optimal value due to the combined action of asphaltene precipitation and the improvement of flow performance of the crude oil. These conclusions can provide a basis for high efficiency development of low permeability oil reservoirs by CO₂ flooding.     

Characteristics of gaseous hydrocarbons generated from asphaltene pyrolysis and the geochemical significance

In order to study the mechanism of gas generation from the asphaltene, the thermal pyrolysis simulation experiment of the asphaltene is carried out by using high temperature and high pressure closed system. During asphaltene pyrolysis, the amount of methane is constantly increased but those of ethane, propane, and butane + pentane are all first increased and then decreased and eventually go to zero with the increase of the experiment temperature. And the dynamic parameters of gaseous hydrocarbon generation can be used to analyze the dynamic procedure of the asphaltene pyrolysis at the geological scale. The experimental results can perfect the theory of the origin of natural gas and provide an evidence for source judgment and resource evaluation of natural gas in marine strata in China.     

Relations between asphaltene content,viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil and ultrasonic parameters

Ultrasonic treatment could decrease the viscosity of heavy oil and previous study on had focused on one heavy oil sample and involved less on the influence of asphaltene content. This study examined the effect of asphaltene content on viscosity reduction rate by ultrasonication. A comparison on samples with various asphaltene content and vibration parameter was made. The results showed that the optimal vibration frequency might decrease as the asphaltene content increased, whereas the optimal vibration intensity and the optimal treatment time were suggested to be enlarged. A semi-quantitative correlation was matched, which helped for numerical simulation about ultrasonic treatment.     

Microscopic details of asphaltenes aggregation onset during waterflooding

We report detailed microscopic studies of asphaltenes aggregation onset during waterflooding of petroleum reservoirs. To achieve this objective, a series of simulations are performed on asphaltenic-oil miscibilized with water at high pressure and temperature through molecular dynamics. Results of this simulation onset are applicable to asphaltenes behavior in real crude oils. Our simulation results illustrate that the aggregation onset in waterflooding generally follows three sequential steps: (i) Asphaltene-water interaction; (ii) Water bridging; (iii) Face-to-face stacking. Then, asphaltene-water and water-water hydrogen-bonding network surround every aggregate boosting the intensity of aggregation onset. We intend to utilize such understanding of these details in our predictive and preventive measures of arterial blockage in oil reservoirs during waterflooding.     

稠油黏度影响因素研究进展

分析了稠油的黏温性质及流变特性,讨论了稠油黏度的影响因素,稠油胶体体系中由胶质、沥青质缔合形成的大分子聚集体是造成稠油高黏的根本原因,而过渡金属元素(Ni,V等)及杂原子(S,N,O等)在胶质、沥青质中的富集是缔合的主要原因。     

原油沥青质沉积抑制及解堵技术研究进展

世界范围内原油沥青质沉积问题多有发生，对原油开采及后处理带来极大困难，研究沥青质沉积抑制技术和解堵技术具有非常重要的意义。综述了油井沥青质沉积抑制技术，包括调整生产参数和添加化学抑制剂，如天然脂肪酸类有机物、含苯环的表面活性物质、植物油类或油品加工产物、离子液体、金属氧化物纳米粒子。介绍了沥青质沉积解堵技术，包括机械法、化学法、热力法、生物法、外力场、复合解堵法等。对沥青质沉积抑制及解堵技术的未来发展趋势进行了分析，需提前对油井或管道做好评估、分析、预测，深入研究沉积抑制及解堵机理，明确不同技术的适应性，加强复合解堵技术的研究与应用。     

Polyoctadecylacrylate (POA) and resin-stabilized asphaltene synergistically improve the flow behavior of model waxy oils

In this paper, the effect of POA PPD together with resin-stabilized asphaltenes on the flow behavior of model waxy oils was investigated through rheological test, DSC, microscopic observation and asphaltenes precipitation test. Compared to the POA or asphaltenes alone, POA/asphaltenes cannot further decrease the wax appearance temperature of oils, but can dramatically decrease the pour point, gelation point, G′, G″ and apparent viscosity of oils. POA molecules can adsorb on the surface of asphaltenes, thus inhibiting the asphaltenes precipitation and forming the POA/asphaltenes composite particles. The composite particles can act as wax crystallization templates and then greatly change the wax crystals' morphology into large and spherical-like, thus improving the waxy oil flow behavior.     

沥青质聚集体的解聚分离方法综述和探析

沥青质在原油、渣油体系中常以分子聚集体的形式存在，要研究沥青质的分子组成和结构以及含沥青质重油的加工，基础是要实现沥青质分子聚集体的解聚、分离。基于此，针对沥青质分子聚集体中存在的分子间相互作用（力），从良溶剂稀释、消除聚集作用位点、适度热作用、超声波作用及碰撞诱导解离等五个方面阐述了沥青质分子聚集体解离方法及进展，进一步介绍了基于沥青质分子极性、分子尺寸、酸碱性以及反应性等方面开展沥青质分子水平分离的方法及进展。