可生物降解润滑油添加剂哌嗪衍生物的合成及性能评定

选用六水合哌嗪为母体，二氯甲烷为溶剂，三乙胺为缚酸剂，正己胺、十二胺、氯乙酰氯为原料，合成新型可生物降解润滑油添加剂1,4-双（二硫代甲酸乙酰正己胺）哌嗪和1,4-双（二硫代甲酸乙酰十二胺）哌嗪；采用FT-IR，1HNMR，TG手段对合成产物进行结构表征及对产品热稳定性进行测试。以菜籽油为基础油，采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察合成添加剂的抗磨性能，并对其进行可生物降解性测定。结果表明：合成产品与预测结构相同，热分解温度最低为305 ℃，与菜籽油的溶解度高达2.58%（质量分数），1,4-双（二硫代甲酸乙酰十二胺）哌嗪具有较好的抗磨性能，1,4-双（二硫代甲酸乙酰正己胺）哌嗪具有较好的减摩性能，两者均具有优异的可生物降解性能（BDI大于80%）。     

Effect of different CaSO4 contents on CaSiO3-CaSO4 porous composite bone scaffolds by 3D gel-printing

Porous CaSiO₃-CaSO₄ composite scaffolds were successfully prepared by 3D gel-printing (3DGP) technology in this study. In order to further improve the degradation performance of pure CaSiO₃ scaffolds, the effect of different CaSO₄ doping contents on CaSiO₃-CaSO₄ composite scaffolds was studied. The results show that when the porous composite scaffolds were placed in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 5 weeks, the weight loss rate was 2.41% (CaSiO₃-1%CaSO₄), 3.97% (CaSiO₃-3%CaSO₄), 4.18% (CaSiO₃-5%CaSO₄), 6.87% (CaSiO₃-7%CaSO₄), and 12.93% (CaSiO₃-9%CaSO₄), respectively, which could be concluded that CaSO₄ doping has a significant effect on improving the biodegradability of CaSiO₃ scaffolds. And CaSO₄ doping can also effectively improve the compressive strength of composite scaffolds and that of CaSiO₃-3%CaSO₄ composite scaffolds was tested as 54.67 MPa, and the shrinkage rate of porous composite scaffolds was nearly 11.4%, which meets the application requirements of bone repairing engineering.     

Modifications to electrolytic respirometer systems for precise determination of BOD exertion kinetics in receiving waters

Modifications to an electrolytic respirometric system are described which facilitate precise measurements of BOD progressions for low substrate concentration (BOD₅ < 20 g m^?3) as found in natural waters receiving organic enrichment. Samples may be incubated at any desired temperature or dissolved oxygen concentration with automatic hourly monitoring of the BOD progression. Subsamples may be withdrawn at any time without interference to the measurement. The system is independent of atmospheric temperature and pressure fluctuations and has a detection sensitivity of 0.05 mg of oxygen. Nomographs are presented to enable the maximum dissolved oxygen deficit, and the “apparent lag” time to be estimated. CO₂ removal, which may result in an extended lag phase, need not be used for BOD values below 50 g m^?3 provided adequate buffering is supplied.     

Combined γ-ray irradiation-activated sludge treatment of humic acid solution from landfill leachate

Humic acid, which is a typical microbially refractory organic substance, was extracted from a landfill leachate. The humic acid solution (COD = 367 mg 1⁻¹; TOC = 293 mg 1⁻¹; BOD = 27 mg 1⁻¹) was applied to a batch scale activated sludge treatment after the modification of its biodegradability by γ-ray irradiation. The BOD increased to 64 mg 1⁻¹ by irradiation of 15 kGy (1.5 Mrad), while the COD and TOC decreased to 231 and 230 mg 1⁻¹, respectively. When the irradiated sample was treated with an activated sludge, the BOD decreased rapidly in 2–3 h to about 15 mg 1⁻¹ which was a similar value as the unirradiated sample was treated. The elimination efficiency of TOC by the sludge treatment was approximately equal to that obtained by irradiation of 15 kGy. These facts suggest a utility of applying microbial processes after radiation treatment of microbially refractory wastewaters.     

混合菌群合成聚羟基脂肪酸酯研究进展

聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)是微生物体内合成的可生物降解塑料,可以作为化学塑料的替代品。利用纯培养微生物发酵的合成方法由于使用葡萄糖等优质底物及过程需灭菌等原因,产品成本较高,严重制约了PHA的广泛使用;混合菌群利用废弃物合成PHA有效降低了纯培养方法的生产成本,因此受到人们越来越多的关注。本文对混合菌群合成PHA的历史沿革、合成原理、生产工艺、提取方法等方面进行了系统综述。回顾了混合菌群合成PHA的发展历程,简述了两种主要的合成机理,介绍了不同底物合成PHA的代谢途径,重点阐述了混菌合成PHA的三段式工艺和产物提取方法,同时也对新近的研究动态进行了分析总结。指出提高混菌浓度与利用实际废弃物的能力将成为未来研究的关键。     

可生物降解PBAT/PLA/生物质垃圾袋的制备和表征

将聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）和聚乳酸（PLA）进行共混,然后添加竹粉、木质素和秸秆粉,利用混合熔融造粒、挤出吹膜工艺制备了PBAT/PLA/生物质粉（BP）（质量比74.26/4.95/19.80）复合垃圾袋,并采用扫描电子显微（SEM）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、X射线衍射测试（XRD）、热重分析仪（TG）及差示扫描量热仪（DSC）等对垃圾袋的微观形貌、组成、耐热性能、拉伸性能及抗漏性能进行了测试和表征,对其实用性进行了评估。结果表明,3种BP在PBAT/PLA基体中分散性较好,对薄膜结构和热性能几乎没有影响;添加竹粉和木质素材料的垃圾袋相比于添加秸秆粉的垃圾袋有明显的强度优势,强度提高了40 %以上。本研究对于降低PBAT/PLA垃圾袋的生产成本、促进生物降解材料的产业化应用具有重要借鉴意义。     

聚乳酸基油水分离材料研究进展

介绍了具有超疏水⁃超亲油和可生物降解特性的新型聚乳酸（PLA）油水分离材料,并对比分析了纯PLA和PLA基油水分离材料材料的研究和应用现状,得出利用PLA作为主原料或基体材料制备油水分离薄膜,不仅可以达到理想的油水分离效果,并且经过后处理后还可以多次循环使用,是目前理想的油水分离材料之一。最后,对PLA在油水分离应用领域的发展方向提出了建议。     

The influence of volume fraction of amorphous phase on corrosion resistance of Mg67Zn 29Ca 4 alloy

The aim of this study was to investigate the structure and corrosion resistance of amorphous, amorphous‐crystalline, and crystalline Mg₆₇Zn₂₉Ca₄ alloy for biodegradable applications. This paper presents a preparation method and results of the structural characterization and corrosion resistance analysis of the material. Samples were prepared in the form of 3 mm diameter rods. The structure of the alloy was examined with the use of X‐ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal properties of the samples were examined with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results of DSC analysis were used to determine heat treatment temperatures, allowing to obtain different fractures of crystalline phase in the material. Corrosion resistance of heat‐treated samples was investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements performed in the simulated body fluid. The X‐ray diffraction results confirmed that the prepared Mg₆₇Zn₂₉Ca₄ alloy's structure is fully amorphous. After heat treatment, samples with different fractions of amorphous phase in the structure were obtained. Immersion tests of the samples showed that the structure significantly influenced corrosion resistance in examined materials. It should be pointed out, that certain amounts of crystalline phase in amorphous matrix can greatly improve the corrosion resistance of Mg₆₇Zn₂₉Ca₄ alloy.     

医用镁及镁合金表面可生物降解有机高分子涂层的应用

近年来,镁及镁合金由于其生物可降解性和良好的生物相容性,在医疗器械领域的应用获得了迅速的发展,然而过快的降解速率限制了其在临床上的应用。可生物降解有机高分子涂层是一种降低镁及镁合金降解速率的有效表面改性方法,同时还可赋予镁及镁合金医疗器械多种功能性。首先综述了可降解有机高分子涂层对镁及镁合金耐腐蚀性能和生物相容性的影响。可降解聚合物涂层能阻碍腐蚀性介质与基体的接触,从而延长其降解时间。而涂层对基体的保护提供了碱性较弱的环境,更利于细胞的生长增殖;同时涂层随着基体一起降解,可降低聚合物长期存在生物体内可能引发炎症反应的风险。此外,对聚合物涂层在骨科以及心血管支架领域的应用以及进展进行了综述。一方面,可降解聚合物涂层能显著延长镁及镁合金在生物体内的作用时间;另一方面,涂层可以作为载体材料通过携带具有不同功能的试剂或者药物实现医疗器械的功能化,如促进骨愈合和药物的可控释放。因此,可降解聚合物涂层在镁和镁合金器械领域必将起到无可替代的作用。     

Biodegradable organic acid-crosslinked alkali-treated gelatins with anti-thrombogenic and endothelialization properties

Abstract

Gelatins were crosslinked with organic acids and treated with alkali to impart to them endothelialization and anti-thrombogenic properties. These matrices were characterized by biochemical and physicochemical techniques. The amounts of residual amino groups in the matrices decreased with increasing crosslinker concentration. The matrices with the highest crosslinking densities showed excellent endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation. In addition, the adhesion of platelets and formation of fibrin networks on the matrices were suppressed with increasing crosslinker concentration. The matrices also exhibited excellent biodegradability, and the degradation rate decreased with increasing crosslinking density. All the organic acid-crosslinked alkali-treated gelatins showed excellent anti-thrombogenic and endothelialization properties, superior to those of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked alkali-treated gelatins.