KCl/NaCl/CPI复合盐阳离子聚合物钻井液在南海大斜度井段中的应用

为改善南海东部惠州25-8油田大斜度井因泥岩水化造浆而引起的井壁失稳和钻井液增稠影响携砂的问题,在现有成熟PLUS/KCl钻井液的基础上开展复合盐阳离子聚合物钻井液研究,对钻井液配方进行了优化,评价了优化后钻井液的流变性、抑制性、封堵性和润滑性,并在惠州油田进行了现场应用。结果表明,复合盐阳离子聚合物钻井液配方中,无机盐类抑制剂KCl和NaCl的适宜加量为3%和12%、有机阳离子聚合物抑制剂PF-CPI适宜的加量为2.0%。该钻井液抑制性强,防膨率高达93.32%,钻屑回收率87.56%;受到钻屑侵污后的钻井液流变性能波动小,仍具有较低的黏度和合适的切力,有利于大斜度井携砂;封堵性和润滑性均优于PLUS/KCl钻井液体系。现场应用2口井,钻井液流变性良好,平均起下钻速度提高,钻井过程顺利,无复杂情况发生。复合盐阳离子聚合物钻井液可改善南海大斜度井起下钻阻卡的问题。     

艾叶天然色素应用于苎麻纤维染色的研究

通过设计正交实验,得到优化的微波法提取艾叶色素的工艺为:料液比1∶15、微波功率560 W、处理时间2 min;对苎麻纤维进行阳离子改性,得到优化的改性工艺为:改性时间50 min、改性温度50℃、改性剂用量15 g/L、烧碱用量10 g/L;用艾叶色素上染阳离子改性的苎麻纤维,设计4因素3水平正交实验,采用一浴二步后媒染法进行染色实验,得到优化的染色工艺为:染色温度60℃、染色时间30 min、染液pH=5、艾叶色素提取液用量70 mL。     

国产特殊装备用润滑脂的研制

为满足特殊装备使用中的润滑需求,选取聚α-烯烃和酯类油的混配油作为基础油,锂皂作为稠化剂,以纳米MoS_2作为极压抗磨剂,月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺作为助分散剂,月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺与二硫化钼质量比为1∶5,选用酚胺混合型抗氧剂,加入防锈剂C 1%,通过直接皂化的方法制备了一种新型润滑脂,纳米MoS_2和月桂酰胺丙基氧化胺在皂化反应阶段加入。该润滑脂的各项理化性能与现用商品润滑脂相当,且解决了现用润滑脂固体添加剂的团聚和沉降问题,提高了润滑脂的分散稳定性,综合性能优良,可以满足某特殊装备的润滑使用需求。     

Reinforcing Paper Strength by Dual Treatment of a Cationic Water-soluble Polymer and Cellulose Nanofibril

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) was used as the anionic component of two dual strengthening systems wherein polyamidopolyamine epichlorohydrin resin (PAE) or cationic starch (CS) was used as the cationic component. Their strengthening effects were investigated for low-basis-weight (30 g/m²) paper composed of a mixture of fully bleached softwood and hardwood pulp in a 4:1 mass ratio. Using the PAE/CNF or CS/CNF dual system, it was generally easier to achieve higher wet and dry tensile strengths of paper compared to the paper using the single PAE or CS system. For example, the paper using the PAE (0.4%)/CNF (0.3%) dual system exhibited 89% higher wet tensile strength than the paper using the single PAE (0.4%) system, and the paper using CS (1.3%)/CNF (0.3%) dual treatment showed 21% higher dry strength than that using the single CS (1.3%) system. However, the PAE/CNF system only showed small improvement in the dry strength of paper (11% higher than that of paper using the single PAE system), so did the CS/NFC system on wet strength improvement (only 17% higher than that of paper using the single CS system).     

甜菊糖苷提取中脱盐脱色树脂的选择及流速对收率的影响

甜菊糖苷的工业提取中,通常以三氯化铁或硫酸亚铁为絮凝剂,对提取液进行絮凝处理,达到初步除杂的目的,从而人为引入了大量的铁离子和酸根离子。为提高后续吸附树脂的吸附量,改善产品品质,在大孔吸附树脂吸附前,对絮凝液进行脱盐脱色是至关重要的。对阳离子树脂001×7、001×14.5、001×16,与阴离子树脂330和D941相互组合,考察了不同组合下脱盐脱色的效果,以及不同流速对甜菊糖苷收率的影响。结果表明,选用阳离子树脂001×14.5与阴离子树脂D941相组合进行脱盐脱色,效果较好,且甜菊糖苷收率可达96.46%;脱盐脱色流速控制在3-4BV/h最佳。     

Design Principles for Cationic,Astrocyte-Targeted Probes

The brain's astrocytes play key roles in normal and pathological brain processes. Targeting small molecules to astrocytes in the presence of the many other cell types in the brain will provide useful tools for their visualization and manipulation. Herein, we explore the functional consequences of synthetic modifications to a recently described astrocyte marker composed of a bright rhodamine-based fluorophore and an astrocyte-targeting moiety. We altered the nature of the targeting moiety to probe the dependence of astrocyte targeting on hydrophobicity, charge, and pK_a when exposed to astrocytes and neurons isolated from the mouse cortex. We found that an overall molecular charge of +2 and a targeting moiety with a heterocyclic aromatic amine are important requirements for specific and robust astrocyte labeling. These results provide a basis for engineering astrocyte-targeted molecular tools with unique properties, including metabolite sensing or optogenetic control.     

油水界面上阴/阳离子型复配表面活性剂体系的分子动力学模拟

采油过程中阴/阳离子型表面活性剂复配使用可显著增强驱油效果，对其微观机理的深入研究有助于驱油用表面活性剂的结构优化设计及使用。采用分子动力学方法研究了不同摩尔比的阴离子表面活性剂聚醚羧酸钠(PECNa)和阳离子表面活性剂十八烷基三甲基氯化铵(OTAC)复配体系在油水界面上的分子行为和物理性质。结果表明，复配体系比单种表面活性剂体系更有利于降低油水界面张力。不同复配比体系中，两种表面活性剂头基相反电荷间的吸引作用使表面活性剂之间对各自反离子的静电吸引作用减弱，且等摩尔比体系尤为明显。阴离子表面活性剂的亲水头基对阳离子表面活性剂亲水头基形成的水化层内水分子的结构取向无显著影响，反之亦然。通过调节两种离子型表面活性剂的复配比例，可调整油水界面吸附层微观结构，有望降低油水界面张力，提高采收率。     

适用于“一步酸溶法”生产氧化铝工艺中稀释料浆的高分子絮凝剂的合成

为达到"一步酸溶法"生产氧化铝工艺中稀释料浆在高温、高酸度工况下进行固液高效分离的目的,以丙烯酰胺(AM)与阳离子(DMDAAC)为共聚单体,通过水溶液聚合法合成了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)絮凝剂。以转化率和相对分子质量为目标,通过单因素分析法确定了最优的合成工艺条件,即反应温度30℃,单体总质量分数为30%,阳离子度5%,K2S2O8和NaHSO3质量分数均为0.005%,2,2′-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷盐酸盐)(V50)质量分数为0.0025%,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)质量分数为0.05%的条件下,反应时间为6 h,获得相对分子质量为1.2×107溶解性能较好的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)。     

一种油田清水剂的合成及应用研究

合成了一种阳离子型清水剂,并对其结构进行了红外谱图、核磁共振谱图表征分析,结果表明该产品与目标产物结构一致。在南海某油田对其净水性能做了现场瓶试试验,在投加量为14 mg/L时,其净水效果良好,下层水中含油质量浓度为79 mg/L。在和多种清水剂的对比试验中发现,该产品的处理效果优于其他几种药剂。