志丹油田西部长6油层成岩作用研究

通过岩心观察、粒度及测井分析并结合区域沉积背景等资料,明确了志丹油田西部延长组的地质特征,沉积特征属三角洲平原亚相及三角洲前缘亚相沉积,砂体主要分布于水上分流河道及水下分流河道微相。借助铸体薄片分析、扫描电镜等分析手段,对储层岩石学特征及成岩作用特征的进行分析,认为研究区延长组经历了强烈压实、较强胶结、较强溶蚀等成岩作用。机械压实作用、矿物胶结作用均为破坏性成岩作用,溶蚀作用为建设性成岩作用,改善了地层孔隙。     

塔里木盆地巴麦地区小海子组成岩作用研究

通过岩心观察、铸体薄片以及阴极发光等手段对巴麦地区小海子组的岩石类型及成岩作用做了充分研究。结果表明:小海子组发育的岩石类型中,残余粒屑灰质白云岩和粉晶白云岩的物性较石灰岩要好;成岩作用对储层物性的影响较大,其中建设性的成岩作用有白云石化、溶蚀和破裂作用,破坏性的成岩作用有泥晶化、压实和胶结充填作用,影响不明显的成岩作用有重结晶和压溶作用。此研究对小海子组储层的成岩作用有参考意义,也可为后期勘探提供依据。     

巴音都兰凹陷阿尔善组碎屑岩储层特征及其主控因素

通过采用岩心观察、薄片鉴定,以及地震相、测井相、沉积相、成岩作用研究等方法,分析了二连盆地巴音都兰凹陷阿尔善组碎屑岩储层特征。结果表明:岩石类型以长石砂岩和砂砾岩为主,岩屑砂岩和长石岩屑砂岩次之,具有近物源特征;储层物性总体上属于低孔、特低渗性,但也存在相对有利的低孔、低渗储层(测井孔隙度为9.37%~11.55%,渗透率为6.14×10-3~6.27×10-3μm2),有利于形成含油气储层。针对研究区储层特点,进一步分析认为,储层的形成和分布主要受沉积微相和成岩作用两大因素的控制。扇三角洲前缘分流河道和席状砂微相为有利储层分布相带;同时,差异压实作用、溶蚀作用和压溶作用,使得储层原生残余粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔及微裂缝发育并得以保存,而强烈的压实作用和胶结作用,使得储层物性整体变差。     

高集油田阜宁组湖相碳酸盐岩储层特征

通过对高集油田阜宁组钻井岩心观察、铸体薄片鉴定以及测井资料分析,确认该组储层以湖相碳酸盐岩为主。结合该区物性特征和铸体薄片资料,对该区储层沉积相、岩石类型、孔隙类型等基本特征进行研究。结果表明,研究区储层集中分布于阜二段的生物碎屑灰岩和鲕粒灰岩。在Choquette和Pray提出的孔隙空间成因分类体系基础上,对该区孔隙进行分类研究,并对影响储层发育的主要因素——沉积相和成岩作用进行了概括总结。     

THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF AUTHIGENIC CHLORITE AND RELATED CEMENTS IN OLIGO–MIOCENE RESERVOIR SANDSTONES,TAPTI GAS FIELDS,SURAT DEPRESSION,OFFSHORE WESTERN INDIA

Reservoir sandstones in the Mid‐ and South Tapti gas fields in the Surat Depression (Mumbai Offshore Basin, western India) have been investigated using a range of petrographic techniques, isotope geochemistry and basin modelling. Authigenic chlorite is abundant in the shallow‐marine sandstones of the Miocene Mahim Formation, a major reservoir rock in the Mid‐ and South Tapti fields, which are described here in terms of their quality and diagenetic characteristics. The sandstones are currently at burial depths of between ～1500 and 2800m. The authigenic chlorite has had a significant impact on the resulting reservoir quality of the sandstones and is interpreted to have originated as odinite clay of the verdine facies that replaced faecal or pseudo‐faecal pellets, together with volumetrically small but abundant grain coatings and grain rims, and formed at the site of major riverine iron influx onto the shallow‐marine shelf during periods of relatively low sea level. Pellets have been variably compacted to form pseudomatrix. Reservoir sandstones from similar depositional settings on the west coast of India or other sub‐tropical settings are likely to exhibit comparable diagenetic effects on reservoir quality. Compositionally, the chlorite is the iron‐rich form known as chamosite. The chemistry of all the chlorite morphologies is the same in all studied samples. Oxygen isotope analyses of carbonate cements in the Mahim Formation sandstones have provided an approximate temperature framework for diagenesis of the non‐carbonate cements. Oxygen isotope results for the chlorite, however, suggest much higher temperatures than its position in the paragenetic sequence would warrant. These results suggest that the clay formed first as 1:1 layer clays, in this case odinite, which were then transformed to Fe‐chlorite as burial depths and temperatures increased. Reservoirs in the Mahim, Daman and Mahuva Formation sandstones are thus greatly influenced by the diagenesis of authigenic chlorite and locally by the precipitation of carbonate cements. Reservoir quality is good where thick, continuous chlorite rim cements are present and where chlorite pellets are sufficiently indurated for them not to be compacted. Chlorite rim cements have reduced the extent of quartz overgrowth cementation in the sandstones.     

岩相约束下的深层致密砂岩气藏储层演化特征

东海盆地深层致密气藏沉积和成岩演化复杂，不同岩相储层的成岩演化是揭示沉积-成岩耦合及认识致密储层甜点成因的关键，也是甜点预测的基础。本研究将岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、粒度分析和X-衍射等资料相结合，选取东海西湖凹陷中央反转构造带深层花港组典型致密气藏，研究不同岩相储层的成岩演化。通过开展岩石学特征研究，划分主要岩相类型，结合埋藏史分析成岩演化序列，分析不同岩相砂岩成岩差异及成岩演化过程，建立不同岩相的成岩演化模式，揭示沉积对成岩的控制作用。结果表明，研究区花港组储层以水下分流河道沉积为主体，主要发育块状层理中-粗砂岩、砾质砂岩、平行层理中-细砂岩和泥砾质砂岩四种岩相类型。块状层理中-粗砂岩和砾质砂岩刚性石英含量较高，粘土含量较低，胶结物类型以薄层绿泥石和硅质胶结为主；前者经历的成岩作用较为完整，埋藏后期仍然发育有一定的原生孔隙和次生溶孔，容易形成较好储层；但后者常常因为分选性较差，最终易形成压实紧密，硅质胶结强烈的致密储层。平行层理中-细砂岩刚性石英含量较低，粘土含量较高，胶结物类型以厚层绿泥石、伊/蒙混层和伊利石相伴生为主；由于沉积分异作用，碎屑颗粒常呈层状定向排列，埋藏后期细粒层部分压实致密，粗粒层部分保留有块状层理砂岩性质，发育局部孔隙带，形成次一级储层；泥砾质砂岩塑性泥岩撕裂屑含量较高，同时混杂有大量泥质杂基，在埋藏早期就已经压实致密，各类孔隙均不发育，基本为非储层。     

比表面积与突破压力联合确定泥岩盖层评价标准

在总结前人对泥岩盖层评价指标的基础上,通过对中国南方海相碳酸盐岩地区泥岩样品的常规物性参数的分析,认为用常规参数很难对盖层的封盖性能作出有效的判识。在此基础上,通过分析比表面积和突破压力与盖层封盖性能的关系,提出了以比表面积与突破压力2个参数共同建立盖层评价模板。该指标的建立可以对盖层的封盖性能做出较为客观的评价。      

长岭断陷登娄库组成岩作用及储层评价

松辽盆地南部长岭断陷白垩系登娄库组主要储集体为河道亚相砂体。岩石类型主要以岩屑质长石砂岩、长石质岩屑砂岩为主,砂岩成分成熟度低,结构成熟度中,以中细粒为主。主要成岩作用类型有压实-压溶作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶蚀作用等。其主要储层段处于中成岩A2到中成岩B期。根据登娄库组储层评价标准,将登娄库组储层划分为5种类型,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类为较好储层,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类为差储层,Ⅴ类为非渗透层。     

济阳坳陷碎屑岩储层胶结指数变化规律分析

胶结指数m是储层固结特征、孔隙结构特征及黏土矿物等地质因素的综合反映。济阳坳陷不同成岩带碎屑岩的储层岩电实验结果表明,次生孔隙的存在导致m值减小,泥质附加导电作用对泥质储层m值的影响受地层水矿化度大小的控制。固结程度好的储层,m值趋于稳定。深成岩带m值接近2,超深成岩带受次生子孔隙发育的影响,m值趋于减小。中、浅成岩带由于岩石固结程度差,储层性质复杂,m值的变化范围大,总体上反映出复杂孔隙结构特征的高值。