两种混合单元混合机理的数值模拟

为了研究SV型和SX型混合单元在全静态乳化器的混合机理,使用群体平衡模型对乳化器内部流场进行模拟分析。结果表明,SV型与SX型混合单元的混合机理是油相与水相材料通过混合单元时其空间流动方向改变,在流场内形成大量的漩涡,从而达到乳化的目的;通过比较流体在经过SV型和SX型混合单元后的水相索特平均直径(d_(32)),得出SV型混合单元的乳化效果更强,但同时消耗更多的能量,压降更大。     

Characterization of agarose microparticles prepared by water-in-water emulsification

Microparticles have a wide range of applications in various areas. In this study, agarose microparticles (AGM) were successfully prepared by using a water-in-water (w/w) emulsification (WWEM) technique to eliminate the use of a surfactant. An aqueous agarose solution was employed as the dispersed phase, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the continuous phase. We evaluated how the characteristics of the microparticles were affected by different processing factors, including temperature, agitation speed, stirring time, concentration of agarose, and proportions of the two phases. The agarose microparticles obtained were nearly perfect spheres, and their particle sizes decreased with an increase in the agitation speed. Physicochemical characterization suggested that agarose microparticles, due to their ubiquitous stability, could be applied in most mild environments.     

蒸汽爆破技术对苹果果胶乳化特性的影响

明确蒸汽爆破处理对苹果果胶乳化性的影响。对苹果果胶进行蒸汽爆破处理,研究汽爆压力和汽爆时间对果胶乳化活性和乳化稳定性的影响,并比较汽爆前后果胶粒径和果胶表观黏度,通过显微镜观察乳化液的微观结构。结果表明,果胶乳化活性和乳化稳定性随着爆破压力和爆破时间的增加而增加,与未汽爆处理的果胶相比,在0.6 MPa/120 s处理条件下,果胶乳化活性由21.05 m2/g增加至43.61 m2/g;乳化稳定性由89.60 min增加到125.92 min;乳化液平均粒径由143.1 μm减少为100 μm;乳化液表观黏度显著上升,显微观察显示汽爆后的苹果果胶乳化液滴更加均匀细密。蒸汽爆破处理苹果果胶提高了乳化性,使果胶乳化性整体改善。     

大庆西部斜坡稠油地层流动性影响因素实验研究

针对大庆西部斜坡稠油在开采过程中与地层水和注入水乳化生成高黏的油包水型乳状液降低地层流动性的问题，通过流变性实验和岩心流动实验，研究了乳化、温度及地层渗透率对稠油黏度和地层流动性的影响规律，明确了原油在地层中流动困难的原因及改善流动性的技术方向。结果表明：含水乳化和温度是影响其黏度的主要因素，温度由30℃上升至120℃，脱水稠油黏度降低了95.5%；当含水率低于70%时，原油与水形成油包水型乳状液，含水率越大黏度越大，含水率为70%的稠油的黏度是脱水黏度的30倍左右；地层渗透率、温度及含水乳化对原油地层流动性具有显著的影响，地层渗透率越低、温度越低、含水乳化越严重，原油流动性越差，不同温度和含水率下的采油指数相差可达10倍以上。因此，促使含水稠油乳状液转相是油田降黏增产的有效途径。研究成果对同类油藏开发具有重要的指导意义。      

表面活性剂乳化能力差异对低渗油藏提高采收率的影响

表面活性剂驱是低渗透油藏提高采收率的重要技术手段之一,以往筛选活性剂基本以其降低油水界面张力的性能作为评价重点,而表面活性剂的油水乳化性能并未得到足够的重视。为研究油水乳化性能对低渗油藏提高采收率的影响,结合长庆低渗透油藏条件,选用具备相同超低界面张力但乳化能力有所差异的2种活性剂,利用均质、非均质岩心开展驱油实验。实验结果表明:同时具备超低界面张力和强乳化能力的活性剂BA,可在岩心入口段降低渗流阻力,同时实现岩心中部乳化封堵的效果,岩心中部残余阻力系数为2.08;而界面张力超低乳化能力较弱的活性剂TS,无法建立流动阻力,仅起到降压增注的作用。在非均质岩心驱油实验中,水驱后注入BA段塞0.6PV,建立了较高的驱替压力,扩大了波及系数,提高采收率11.46%,而活性剂TS提高采收率幅度为5.88%。     

Research on paraffin removal and prevention by Bacillus spp. in high-salinity reservoirs

Problems in paraffin deposition occur frequently in oil exploitation. Considering the problem that some paraffin removal and prevention strains cannot grow in high-salinity reservoirs, we domesticated four salt-tolerant laboratory bacterial strains. Crude oil emulsification effect, paraffin removal rate, and paraffin prevention rate of the strains were evaluated. KB and JH-A strains exhibited good paraffin removal and prevention effects, with paraffin removal rates of 51.82% and 81.56%; and 51.82% and 80.90%, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of paraffin components before and after biodegradation was performed on KB and JH-A strains. Results showed that relative contents of n-alkanes between C15–C23 and C27–C30 evidently decreased, indicating their good biodegradation. This technique provides a new method for practical application of paraffin removal and prevention in high-salinity reservoirs.     

铜阳极泥氯化浸金液连续萃铜试验

针对铜阳极泥氯化浸金液含铜高造成稀贵金属置换困难且损失量大的问题,采用Lix984萃取分离铜,进行萃取槽连续试验,考察铜萃取率变化,分析存在的问题并探讨解决方案。试验发现采用Lix984从含铜10～20g/L和Cl-～200g/L的氯化浸金液中分离和回收铜,技术上可行。在萃取混合时间3min、萃取相比(O/A)2/1、反萃水相为180～260g/L硫酸条件下,经过4级萃取、2级洗涤和2级反萃,铜直收率可达99%以上。金、银、钯、铅、镍等不被萃取,仅有少量夹带,可洗涤回收。萃取过程发生界面污物累积和乳化,主要与料液含固量高、金属离子水解、相比和搅拌速度不当、萃取剂降解等因素有关,可通过精滤、过渡槽调pH值、实时监控流量和转速、定期补充萃取剂和清除第三相等措施,实现萃取稳定运行。     

高效复合选煤浮选药剂的研究

介绍了一种将捕收剂、起泡剂合二为一的高效复合选煤药剂的制各和应用性能，分析了药剂的乳化和稳定性机理。实验表明，该药剂稳定性好，在获得相同的浮选效果时，该复合药剂的用量比传统的轻柴油药方节省20％—30％。     

连续乳化的水相与油相流量控制系统设计

乳化炸药连续生产中的水相和油相流量配比控制十分重要。此文介绍了一种控制系统的设计，内容包括水相和油相流量控制过程与原理、计算机的数据采样与存取。分析了系统因素造成的流量控制滞后原因，提出了相应解决方案。     

RZ12—1型乳化炸药装药机电控系统的改进

论述了PLC代替继电器控制乳化炸药装药机电控系统的原理 ,为PLC在我省民爆行业的推广应用奠定了基础。