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1.
通过系统梳理、比较大量古籍文献来探究“玫瑰”
词源,结论归结如下:1)“玫瑰”较早在汉代为“火齐(音
霁)珠”的宝珠,后晋代《西京杂记》中首次出现了作植物义
的西汉“玫瑰”,但其与现代植物学中玫瑰(Rosa rugosa)
的关联性尚缺乏直接证据;2)“玫瑰”含义的转变体现了珠
宝与同名植物在形、色、香上的关联;3)古代“玫瑰”二字
音形多重,早在汉代就记有与现代相同的读法,早期“玫”
又作“玟”,“瑰”还可音“回”;4)玫瑰作为植物别名众
多,如徘徊花、离娘草、玉蕊等,其中一些还与蔷薇属其他植
物有关联,且寓意多元。对古代“玫瑰”含义的考证研究,有
利于中国传统植物资源和文化的保护和传承,也为我国花文化
的创新与发展提供重要参考。 相似文献
2.
大庆长垣喇萨杏油田经多年开发,已进入水驱、聚驱、三元复合驱并存阶段。注入溶液改变了储层的物理性质,地层水矿化度、含油饱和度、孔隙结构以及岩石润湿性等都会发生变化,不同的驱替方式导致了不同的储层地质特征。油层水淹后,电阻率、自然电位、微电极幅度差等测井响应的变化规律也不同。本文利用大庆油田丰富的密闭取芯检查井资料,系统的研究了化学驱后水淹层地质特征及测井响应特征分析,对提高水淹层测井解释的精度奠定了基础。 相似文献
3.
近年氢能已迅速成为能源领域“新宠”,正在迎来快速发展的战略机遇期,但氢安全问题仍然是制约其发展的关键,尤以高压氢气储运设施泄漏后引发喷射火灾害较为突出。为了探究高压氢气泄漏过程并对其引发喷射火灾特性参数变化进行评估,本文采用理论分析和实例验证相结合的方法对两起高压氢气泄漏实验案例(90 MPa氢气瓶和6 MPa氢气管道)进行了研究。结果表明:通过模型精度检验,Abel-Nobel气体状态方程适用于当前常用的多种高压氢气储运设施泄漏过程的描述。基于Abel-Nobel气体状态方程、火焰尺寸模型、辐射分数模型和热辐射模型构建的高压氢气泄漏喷射火过程预测模型对实验案例中的泄漏出口气体质量流量、氢喷射火焰长度和辐射热场等的模拟计算结果与实验测量数据基本一致,验证了模型有效性及所含假设合理性。另外在计算中还需要结合实际情况充分考虑高压氢气储运设施发生泄漏时产生的能量损失以及等温流动过程,从而对模型预测精度进行修正。上述结论对于工程实际、氢能安全利用以及灾害预防等具有重要现实意义。 相似文献
4.
William M. Pitts Martin Werrel Marco Fernandez Mary A. Long Evan A. Eisenberg James Filliben Cory D. Runyon 《火与材料》2021,45(1):127-154
Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF. 相似文献
5.
Sami Ullah Faiz Ahmad Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi Mohammed Ali Assiri Muhammad Rafi Raza Ahmad Irfan 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(17):50310
This research aims to study the effect of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite on the intumescent coating formulations (ICF). The coating presented in this research article is based on carbon source expandable graphite (EG), blowing agent melamine, acid source ammonium polyphosphate (APP), epoxy resin as a binder with polyamide amine. The stability of the developed coating was verified at 950°C for 1-hour fire test. The results showed that the coating is stable and well bond with the steel substrate. The char was characterized by using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, DTA, TGA, XPS, Py-GCMS and Weathering Test. The morphology of the char was studied by SEM of the coating after furnace fire test. XRD and FTIR show the presence of graphite, borophosphate; boron oxide and sassolite in the residual char. TGA and DTG disclosed that EG improved the residual mass of coating. XPS analysis showed the char residue of IF5-APP-EG contains carbon and oxygen contents 47.50 and 40.70, respectively. Py-GCMS analysis described that the IF5-APP-EG released less gaseous compounds. The weathering test illustrated that's the char expansion of coatings samples was decreased due to the presence of a humid environment and UV light. The IF5-APP-EG showed the maximum char expansion, lower substrate temperature and high residual weight among the studied formulations. 相似文献
6.
以α烯烃磺酸钠和商品稳泡剂作为发泡表面活性剂,添加不同类型聚合物,通过气泡悬滴驰豫震荡法,测定不同强化泡沫体系的气液界面扩张流变参数,并测定其半衰期,得出不同扩张流变性能对泡沫稳定性和驱油效果的影响。实验表明,聚合物溶液浓度增加时,界面黏弹模量也增加,大幅增加气液界面黏性模量能够达到稳泡效果,驱油效果得到大幅改善。生物聚合物有很高的界面黏弹模量,界面黏性模量是影响泡沫半衰期的主要因素,增加气液界面黏性模量是提高泡沫半衰期的有效方法。界面弹性模量对泡沫驱油效果和注入能力影响很大,过高的弹性模量会导致泡沫变形阻力增大,造成地层堵塞注入困难,选择适当气液界面黏弹模量的泡沫体系,能达到较好的泡沫驱油效果。 相似文献
7.
Karolina Storesund Francine Amon Anne Steen‐Hansen Shayesteh Haghighatpanah Ida Larsson 《火与材料》2021,45(1):181-190
The aim of this exploratory study has been to investigate the fire properties and environmental aspects of different upholstery material combinations, mainly for domestic applications. An analysis of the sustainability and circularity of selected textiles, along with lifecycle assessment, is used to qualitatively evaluate materials from an environmental perspective. The cone calorimeter was the primary tool used to screen 20 different material combinations from a fire performance perspective. It was found that textile covers of conventional fibres such as wool, cotton and polyester, can be improved by blending them with fire resistant speciality fibres. A new three‐dimensional web structure has been examined as an alternative padding material, showing preliminary promising fire properties with regard to ignition time, heat release rates and smoke production. 相似文献
8.
Mauro Zammarano John R. Shields Isaac Leventon Ickchan Kim Shonali Nazare Andre Thompson Rick D. Davis Artur Chernovsky Matthew Bundy 《火与材料》2021,45(1):114-126
Herein, we describe a reduced‐scale test (“Cube” test), measuring the fire performance of specimens including a fire barrier (FB) and a flammable core material, which acts as the main fuel load. The specimen is intended to reproduce a cross‐section of a composite product where heat/mass transfer occurs primarily in a direction perpendicular to the FB. The Cube test procedure and benefits are discussed in this work by adopting residential upholstery furniture as an exemplary study. One flexible polyurethane foam, one polypropylene cover fabric, and 10 commercially available FBs were selected. They were used to compare the fire performance of FBs, measured in terms of peak of heat release rate, in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test and the newly developed Cube test. Edge effects severely affected the performance of FBs in the ASTM E1474‐14 standard test but not in the Cube test. Furthermore, appropriate test conditions were determined in the Cube test to measure the so‐called “wetting point,” that is, the time and value of heat release rate measured when flammable liquid products were first observed on the bottom of the specimen. The relevance of the “wetting point” in terms of full‐scale fire performance and failure mechanism of FBs is discussed. 相似文献
9.
以西安地铁洪庆站为研究对象,针对现行“湿陷性黄土地区建筑规范”评价方法所得结果误差较大的问题,开展了现场原位试坑浸水试验,表明了该车站位于自重湿陷性黄土场地。通过数值分析方法,模拟车站施工过程,分析了不同埋深条件下车站基底分布实际竖向应力,揭示了地铁车站修建过程中地层内的卸荷特征,建立了不同埋深车站基底及围护结构基底竖向压缩应力分布函数。应用Flamant弹性解,建立了基底黄土实际竖向压缩应力随埋深变化的计算公式。通过结构压缩屈服应力与综合物理特征量的关系、压缩孔隙比与初始孔隙比比值与压缩应力与结构压缩屈服应力比值的关系,建立了计算浸水饱和黄土湿陷系数的“浸水结构破坏湿陷性”评价方法,并与现场试坑浸水试验结果进行比较,验证了评价方法的可靠性。对黄土地区城市轨道交通工程设计中湿陷变形量预测和地基处理深度的合理确定具有一定的参考借鉴意义。 相似文献
10.
相邻工作面开采会导致复杂的漏风情况,浮煤易自燃,增大防火工作的难度。为明确相邻采空区自燃“三带”分布特征及确定最佳注氮防灭火参数,以贵州某矿4244工作面为背景,结合现场实测,应用Fluent流场分析软件,模拟研究不同注氮方案下采空区氧气浓度场分布规律。结果表明,实测结果与模拟相吻合,验证了模拟的可靠性;当注氮位置为X=50 m,注氮流量为100 m3/h时,采空区进、回风巷侧氧化带宽度分别为7 m和38 m,能明显减少本采空区氧化带面积,且能防止氧化带距工作面太近;此工作面进风侧注氮对相邻采空区氧化带影响范围较小,这要求在回采过程中需要对煤柱进行加固,降低孔隙率,控制漏风,减少氧气进入相邻采空区,降低煤自燃风险。模拟结果为相邻采空区灾害防治工作提供了的理论指导。 相似文献