连续油管作业在深部煤系气井压裂返排砂堵中的应用

为解决深部煤系气井压裂返排过程中存在的砂堵问题,经过充分调研、现场分析,提出改变常规修井作业方式采用连续油管解决砂堵的方法。该方法已在石西煤系气井开采现场进行实践,成功将SX-012井压裂过程中造成的砂堵解除,并取得了良好的产气效果,可推广应用于解决深部气井开发过程中砂堵遇阻问题。     

压裂液返排率的理论计算

压裂液返排率是评价压裂效果的一个重要参数,而返排率的求取往往是压裂施工结束后现场液体收集得到,缺乏相关理论模型进行预测。为了丰富压裂设计及评价理论体系,从压裂液返排机理出发,考虑裂缝闭合前后压裂液返排不同的返排过程,根据物质平衡原理、岩石力学和渗流力学,建立了返排率计算的数学模型,分析了地层渗透率、孔隙度、裂缝导流能力、破胶压裂液黏度对返排率的影响,计算结果表明,地层孔隙度对压裂液返排率影响较小,破胶压裂液黏度、裂缝导流能力、地层渗透率对返排率影响较大,提高破胶压裂液黏度和裂缝导流能力对于返排率的提高有重要的意义。     

液氮助排在延长气田应用研究

液氮助排是在气藏地层压裂后或者开发中后期过程中一项重要采气工艺,液氮助排可及时排除压裂后井底未及时排出的压裂液,提高压裂液的返排率,降低压裂液对地层和填充裂缝伤害,缩短作业周期,提高气井产量;另外气田开发中后期产生井筒积液会导致气井产量下降甚至停产,及时排出积液,可以提高单井产量,延长生产寿命.     

纤维压裂液及其在吉林油田的应用

针对油气生产过程中容易出砂和压后测试快速排液时出现的支撑剂回流等问题,采用纤维稳定支撑剂技术配制出了性能优良的纤维压裂液,对该压裂的性能进行了系统评价,并介绍了纤维压裂液在吉林油田的应用情况。通过考察纤维加量(0.1%～0.4%)对压裂液黏度及交联时间的影响,得到了纤维压裂液配方:0.3%瓜尔胶+0.04%SD2-2有机硼交联剂+0.035%过硫酸铵+0.2%T-3纤维+其他添加剂,该纤维压裂液pH值9～10,稳定性良好,并具有良好的延迟交联性能和耐剪切性能,适合于60～65℃的中低温地层。当闭合压力小于20 MPa时,加入纤维的支撑剂导流能力不受影响;常温、170 1/s下连续剪切90 min后黏度保留率为52.86%;破胶水化液的表面张力为23.8 mN/m并且黏度小于5 mPa.s。该项技术在吉林扶余油田东+5-33、东34-201、松原采气厂老4-24井共3口井进行现场施工中取得了良好应用效果。     

基于MABR的压裂返排液处理及微生物群落研究

压裂返排液含有多种复杂有机物,毒性高、盐度高以及可生化性差。设计了1个三级MABR系统用于压裂返排液的处理,该系统在最适宜运行参数下表现出优异的除碳脱氮性能,出水经过芬顿试剂处理后满足污水综合排放二级标准。MABR系统对COD、NH⁺₄-N和TN的去除率分别达到79.30%、96.06%和75.61%。微生物分析表明MABR生物膜富集了丰富的功能菌群,Proteobacteria(变形菌门)、Bacteroidetes(拟杆菌门)是生物膜中的优势菌群。阐明了MABR处理压裂返排液的技术可行性,为MABR在处理相关废水中的应用奠定了基础。     

涪陵页岩气田开发建设水污染防控探索与实践

页岩气作为新兴、绿色、清洁能源,近年来在全球范围内得到越来越多的关注。从目前国内外页岩气开发情况来看,除开发工艺技术难度大以外,其开发过程中的水污染防控和工业废水的处理也是影响页岩气产业发展的当务之急。如何实现经济高效处理页岩气污水和实现水循环利用,对页岩气的长远发展和当地环境保护有着举足轻重的意义。结合中国石化涪陵页岩气田环境保护,特别是水污染防控工作实践,从页岩气开采工艺过程出发,对水污染防控措施、污水处理工艺和污水的减量循环利用进行了探讨和研究。     

Experimental investigations of fracturing fluid flowback and retention under forced imbibition in fossil hydrogen energy development of tight oil based on nuclear magnetic resonance

Experimental works have proved that imbibition under forced pressure (FP, the difference between hydraulic fluid pressure and original pore pressure) has a positive effect on fossil hydrogen energy development in tight oil reservoir. However, the knowledge of the influence of imbibition under forced pressure (forced imbibition, FI) on fracturing fluid flowback and water retention is still limited. In this paper, experiments were designed and conducted to reveal the mechanism of fracturing fluid flowback and water retention under imbibition effect in tight sandstones. As a comparison, unconsolidated sandstones were also investigated in this study. Core samples were divided into two categories: the imbibition ones (treated by imbibition) and the filtration ones (treated by displacement), in accordance with the real oil-water distribution after well shut-in. An imbibition core and a filtration core were stitched together to conduct a flowback experiment. During the experiment, fluid distribution in different pore sizes was monitored continuously by using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance device. Results show that the flowback recovery in tight sandstones is much lower than that in unconsolidated sandstones due to the difference of pore structure. Meanwhile, forced imbibition leads to higher oil recovery than spontaneous imbibition (SI) in tight sandstones since forced pressure enhances water imbibition. The water imbibed into small-macro and macro pores contributes the major flowback recovery, but the imbibed water in micro pores is rather difficult to displace and finally retains in these pores during the flowback process. Overall, forced imbibition not only enhances oil recovery but also increases water retention, explaining the mechanism of well productivity increase by using the shut-in method in the field. This study can help to clarify the influence of forced imbibition on fracturing fluid flowback and enhancement of fossil hydrogen development, and further provide guidance for flowback designs.     

压裂液返排模型的建立及应用

压裂液返排过程中通过合理控制返排时间和流量,可使支撑剂在产层区获得较好的铺置,从而使裂缝具有较高的导流能力。目前压裂液返排工作制度的确定一般依靠现场工程师的经验,缺少可靠的理论依据。为此建立了包含考虑二维滤失的裂缝扩展模型,停泵后即刻返排、停泵后关井闭合返排的数学模型,模拟了返排期间压力、排量随时间的变化规律,建立了压裂液返排模型,得到压裂液返排控制的优化设计方法,并编制了计算程序,指导现场选择合适的返排时间和返排流量。现场实例表明,应用编制的压裂液返排计算软件得到的结果,可为压裂液返排时间和流量的确定提供依据,有助于现场返排的科学化和定量化。     

压裂液破胶效果对支撑剂回流影响的实验研究

川西浅层蓬莱镇组气藏地层温度低,容易出现压裂液破胶不彻底的情况,压后排液时常常导致支撑剂的回流返吐。研究压裂液破胶效果对支撑剂回流的影响规律,确定一个合适的破胶液粘度,对于压裂液配方优化调整具有重要的现实意义。文章对压裂液破胶效果与支撑剂回流返吐的影响关系作了详细的实验评价,证实破胶液粘度的临界点为10mPa.s,破胶液粘度低于10mPa.s时基本上不会对支撑剂回流产生影响。     

压裂液快速返排泵的研制及应用

针对传统油井压裂工艺残液返排率低,造成地层污染严重,压裂效果不理想的问题,研制了系列压裂液快速返排泵。该泵主要由特制泵筒总成、柱塞总成、特制固定阀总成等组成,可满足油田压裂和酸化施工要求。使用时,该泵可作为压裂管柱下入井中,措施完成后,下入特制固定阀,无需重新起下油管,即可实现快速排液及抽油,减少一次起下泵及油管的作业措施。同时,残液得以及时返排,减少了压裂液对地层的二次污染,压裂效果提高10%左右,增效10余万元。节约作业费和入井工具费约3万元,具有较好的应用前景。