汽油气相色谱模拟馏程的应用

介绍了用AC8612气相色谱仪对六个汽油组分馏程分析的应用情况,结果表明:该方法的重复性和准确性都较好,与D86相比,结果满足方法的再现性要求,但对于差值大于3℃的点,应定期进行修正,以使结果更准确,该方法用于炼油厂各装置汽油组分馏出口的日常质量监测分析,可以提高分析效率并减少劳动强度。     

Ordinary Gasoline Emissions Induce a Toxic Response in Bronchial Cells Grown at Air-Liquid Interface

Gasoline engine emissions have been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans and represent a significant health risk. In this study, we used MucilAir™, a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human airway, and BEAS-2B, cells originating from the human bronchial epithelium, grown at the air-liquid interface to assess the toxicity of ordinary gasoline exhaust produced by a direct injection spark ignition engine. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), production of mucin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenylate kinase (AK) activities were analyzed after one day and five days of exposure. The induction of double-stranded DNA breaks was measured by the detection of histone H2AX phosphorylation. Next-generation sequencing was used to analyze the modulation of expression of the relevant 370 genes. The exposure to gasoline emissions affected the integrity, as well as LDH and AK leakage in the 3D model, particularly after longer exposure periods. Mucin production was mostly decreased with the exception of longer BEAS-2B treatment, for which a significant increase was detected. DNA damage was detected after five days of exposure in the 3D model, but not in BEAS-2B cells. The expression of CYP1A1 and GSTA3 was modulated in MucilAir™ tissues after 5 days of treatment. In BEAS-2B cells, the expression of 39 mRNAs was affected after short exposure, most of them were upregulated. The five days of exposure modulated the expression of 11 genes in this cell line. In conclusion, the ordinary gasoline emissions induced a toxic response in MucilAir™. In BEAS-2B cells, the biological response was less pronounced, mostly limited to gene expression changes.     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

SM/GF-4汽油机油技术的研究开发

介绍了中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的SM/GF-4汽油机油复合添加剂和油品配方技术。采用该技术生产的油品模拟试验性能和物理化学性质均能满足SM/GF-4规格指标要求，该油品配方中复合添加剂的加剂量(w)为7.5%。采用MTM和HFRR摩擦磨损试验对新开发的SM/GF-4 5W-30油品进行了减摩和低温抗磨性能研究，发现油酸甘油酯减摩剂老化后仍然具有较好的减摩性能。采用X射线光电子能谱分析了该油品进行程序IIIG高温抗氧化发动机台架试验后的活塞沉积物成分，结果表明活塞沉积物中除积炭外，主要含有发动机油的硫酸盐灰分。     

催化裂化柴油加氢转化馏分利用方案研究

中国石化大连(抚顺)石油化工研究院开发了以催化裂化柴油为原料生产高辛烷值汽油调合组分新工艺技术（FD2G技术）。针对催化裂化柴油加氢改质产品，通过分析其组分的烃类组成，分别加工利用，对于改善产品结构和提高市场竞争力十分有益。研究结果表明：加工高芳烃催化裂化柴油时，汽油产品芳烃含量高，辛烷值高，其中C6~C8芳烃富集的窄馏分可以作为芳烃抽提装置原料生产化工产品；加工低芳烃含量的催化裂化柴油时，汽油产品中芳烃含量低，辛烷值偏低，可将富集大量环烷烃的窄馏分作为重整装置原料，富含芳烃的窄馏分作为高辛烷值汽油调合组分。     

闲置加氢装置升级改造为C5/C6异构化装置技术及工业应用

采用中国石化石油化工科学研究院开发的中温异构化技术将中油东明石化集团闲置的0.25 Mt/a柴油加氢装置升级改造为C5/C6异构化装置，以连续重整装置的拔头油、戊烷油和抽余油为原料，根据“利旧最大化、投资最低以及异构化原料全部加工”的改造原则，采用脱C7+技术和“脱异戊烷 ＋ 一次通过”异构化工艺流程，可生产研究法辛烷值为79.7的C5/C6异构化汽油。标定结果表明：异构化催化剂的C5异构化率为63.2%，C6异构化率为81.1%，异构化产品的研究法辛烷值达到79.7，异构化产品收率为98.0%，各项数据均达到技术控制指标。     

Ti改性催化裂化汽油选择加氢催化剂的研究

以氢氧化铝干胶和偏钛酸为主要原料制备了Al2O3-TiO2载体，采用等体积浸渍法制备出一系列不同TiO2含量及不同配体改性的CoMo/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂；采用BET，XRD，TPR，HRTEM等方法对所制备的催化剂进行了表征，在10 mL固定床评价装置上对所制备的两个系列催化剂进行了FCC汽油选择加氢脱硫活性评价。结果表明，载体中TiO2的质量分数为10%、浸渍液中添加乙二醇和磷酸改性的催化剂具有较高的加氢脱硫活性和选择性。     

汽油机油摩擦改进剂减摩性能研究

采用SRV■ 4型摩擦磨损试验机研究汽油机油不同类型摩擦改进剂的减摩效果以及同一种摩擦改进剂不同剂量的减摩效果。试验结果表明:在汽油机油常用的几类减摩剂中氨基甲酸钼的减摩效果最好,并且当加剂量高达0.5%时,其减摩效果较好。     

Oil Demand and Stocks

Current data of world oil demand. This includes international bunkers and refinery fuel. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data of oil demand from counties such as Canada, the United States of America, Japan, OECD Europe, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Republic of Korea, and Turkey. Updated on a monthly basis. Current data for crude oil and refined product stocks in Canada, Chile, Mexico, the United States (Western Hemisphere), France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Other Europe (Europe), Japan, Republic of Korea, Other Pacific (Asia-Pacific), and Total OECD (Table 12.1) Current data for refined product stocks in the OECD Western Hemisphere, OECD Europe, OECD Asia-Pacific and Total OECD. Products include gasoline, diesel and gasoil, and heavy fuel oil. Updated on a monthly basis (Table 12.2).     

催化裂化重汽油临氢脱砷剂的研究与开发

针对催化汽油砷化物脱除需要,开发一种以大孔γ-Al_2O_3为载体的双金属催化裂化重汽油临氢脱砷剂,并采用XRD和全自动比表面积及孔隙度分析仪对脱砷剂进行表征。考察脱砷剂活性、原料适应性及反应温度、体积空速等工艺条件对脱砷性能的影响。结果表明,该临氢脱砷剂具有较高的脱砷活性(≮85%)和脱砷选择性(≮95%),烯烃基本不饱和;提高反应温度和降低空速有助于提高脱砷剂脱砷活性,烯烃饱和活性基本不受影响。