Production of phosphoric acid with low content of impurities

The present work is to study the possibility for controlled distribution of the impurities when they are decomposed by sulphuric acid to wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum, as well as generating technological conditions for production of clean wet phosphoric acid and its derivatives - phosphoric fertilizers, food phosphates and other phosphoric products.A coefficient of distribution D_A is introduced as a general criterion for elements dispersion. The study includes relationships between the weight ratio sulphuric acid/natural phosphate and D_A; the period of decomposition and D_A; the particle's size content of the natural phosphate and D_A. The obtained experimental data and relationships about the influence of the above discussed technological parameters on dispersion of more than 23 elements allow for control of that process in wet phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum by selecting specific technological conditions. Thus, depending on the requirements of acid's consumers and procedures for secondary processing of phosphogypsum to end-products, a selective decomposition of the natural phosphates to phosphoric acid and phosphogypsum can be carried out with content of the impurities in those products varying in narrow limits.     

基于卡尔曼滤波改进的精子图像序列分割方法

图像分割是精子图像识别的一项关键技术,在精子运动能力分析中起着至关重要的作用。本文对采集的连续精子图像序列进行灰度化、去噪等预处理后,采用Otsu算法对首幅动物精子图像二值化,对后续图像采用Kalman Filter确定二值化阈值范围,改进Otsu算法求出每一幅图像的适当阈值并进行二值化,缩短算法时间并能保证分割精度。应用形态学消除精子尾部和部分精子之间的粘连现象,通过计算和比较目标面积、形状因子,去除小颗粒杂质以及形状及灰度和精子相似的杂质,为精子运动能力检测提供高质量的分割图像。     

Quantification of trace amounts of impurities in high purity cobalt by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method using high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS) for rapid simultaneous determination of 24 elements (Be, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Pt, Au, and Pb) in high purity cobalt was described. Sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels using HNO3 and HCl. The matrix effects because of the presence of excess HCl and Co were evaluated. The usefulness of high mass resolution for overcoming some spectral interference was demonstrated. The optimum conditions for the deter- mination were tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits were 0.016-1.50 μg?g?1, the recovery ratios were 92.2%-111.2%, and the RSD was less than 3.6%. The method was accurate, quick, and convenient. It was applied to the determination of trace impurities in high purity cobalt with satisfactory results.     

高纯过氧化氢生产中有机物杂质的净化技术进展

介绍了工业级过氧化氢中有机物杂质的来源,综述了高纯过氧化氢生产中有机物杂质的净化技术研究进展,包括精馏、吸附、离子交换树脂、溶剂萃取、结晶、膜分离技术以及这些技术的组合净化技术。精馏净化产品纯度不高,但技术成熟,可工业放大;膜分离净化技术较安全,但膜的寿命短;吸附树脂工艺简单、净化效率高,但树脂易被氧化。指出以精馏为前净化技术,再与膜分离、树脂吸附相结合是有机碳杂质去除技术的发展趋势。     

Effects of cobalt, temperature and certain impurities upon cobalt electrowinning from sulfate solutions

The effects of cobalt concentration, temperature and the presence of zinc, copper and iron ions in the electrolyte on current efficiency and cathodic quality were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic methods during cobalt electrowinning. The results showed that high cathodic efficiency of cobalt deposition was obtained from solutions containing cobalt concentration in the range 30–60 g l^–1. Current efficiency increased from 94% to 97% with increase in cobalt concentration to 60 g l^–1 at 20 °C. It was also found that increase in temperature to 50 °C enhanced the cobalt deposition reaction, along with the rate of hydrogen evolution, resulting in little change in current efficiency. The presence of foreign cations in the electrolyte not only adversely affects current efficiency but also promotes cracking and peeling.     

分光光度法测定饱和盐水中微量杂质

详细描述了用分光光度计测定饱和盐水中的微量铝、硅、铁、碘等杂质的分析方法，利用该方法对饱和盐水进行测定，证明该检测方法简便、快速、实用，能够满足生产需要。     

碱浸条件下杂质离子对锌电积的影响

针对贫杂铅锌矿碱浸工艺,系统地分析电解过程杂质离子CO3^2-、SO4^2-、SiO3^2-、F^-、CL^-、S2^-对电解金属锌粉的影响．实验结果表明：CO3^2-、SO4^2-、SiO3^2-、F^-离。子对电解金属锌粉没有明显影响,Cl^-离子浓度宜控制在20g／L以下基本上满足GB／T6890—2000国家标准的锌粉三级标准,S^2-离子对电解金属锌粉影响比较显著,即使在S^2-微量的条件下金属锌粉的品质下降了近5％．     

How the risk of failure in lifetime of tempered glass depends on the size of NiS inclusions and heat soak test duration

The probability of breakage in service lifetime of heat-tempered glass panes contaminated by nickel sulfide inclusions is estimated with a multiscale micromechanically motivated statistical theory, which considers the effects of the heat soak test (HST). Short and long HSTs differently affect the phase transformation of NiS of diverse chemical composition, whose increase in volume can break the glass. The main hypothesis, corroborated by experiments, is that there is a lower limit for the size of NiS stones below which no crack can be initiated from the volumetric expansion. The catastrophic propagation of nucleated fractures in the long term is modeled through a rescaled critical stress intensity factor, which accounts for the subcritical crack propagation and the slow phase transformation of NiS. A parametric analysis evidences how the failure probability is strongly affected by these parameters, depending on the holding time in the HST. Tailored experimental activity is suggested for the proper calibration of the model.     

阳离子交换ICP-OES测定高纯氧化铌中十三种杂质元素

样品用氢氟酸溶解,阳离子交换分离铌基体富集杂质元素,4mol/L硝酸洗脱杂质,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定。研究了阳离子交换的条件,考察了分离效率及残余铌量对测定的影响,绘制了洗脱曲线,相对0.2μg/g～5μg/g的加标回收率为82%～115%,相对标准偏差为0.31%～22.43%。