全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10512篇 |
免费 | 1247篇 |
国内免费 | 338篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 125篇 |
综合类 | 504篇 |
化学工业 | 7198篇 |
金属工艺 | 183篇 |
机械仪表 | 96篇 |
建筑科学 | 78篇 |
矿业工程 | 68篇 |
能源动力 | 220篇 |
轻工业 | 488篇 |
水利工程 | 13篇 |
石油天然气 | 807篇 |
武器工业 | 51篇 |
无线电 | 397篇 |
一般工业技术 | 1572篇 |
冶金工业 | 141篇 |
原子能技术 | 82篇 |
自动化技术 | 74篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 23篇 |
2023年 | 201篇 |
2022年 | 203篇 |
2021年 | 308篇 |
2020年 | 341篇 |
2019年 | 334篇 |
2018年 | 302篇 |
2017年 | 449篇 |
2016年 | 393篇 |
2015年 | 406篇 |
2014年 | 569篇 |
2013年 | 680篇 |
2012年 | 816篇 |
2011年 | 795篇 |
2010年 | 621篇 |
2009年 | 672篇 |
2008年 | 571篇 |
2007年 | 670篇 |
2006年 | 568篇 |
2005年 | 506篇 |
2004年 | 422篇 |
2003年 | 383篇 |
2002年 | 330篇 |
2001年 | 261篇 |
2000年 | 188篇 |
1999年 | 157篇 |
1998年 | 122篇 |
1997年 | 115篇 |
1996年 | 96篇 |
1995年 | 90篇 |
1994年 | 81篇 |
1993年 | 71篇 |
1992年 | 82篇 |
1991年 | 68篇 |
1990年 | 37篇 |
1989年 | 27篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 12篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1951年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yan He Kangren Kong Zhengxi Guo Weifeng Fang Zaiqiang Ma Haihua Pan Ruikang Tang Zhaoming Liu 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(26):2101291
Sensitivity and multi-directional motivation are major two factors for developing optimized humidity-response materials, which are promising for sensing, energy production, etc. Organic functional groups are commonly used as the water sensitive units through hydrogen bond interactions with water molecules in actuators. The multi-coordination ability of inorganic ions implies that the inorganic ionic compounds are potentially superior water sensitive units. However, the particle forms of inorganic ionic compounds produced by classical nucleation limit the number of exposed ions to interact with water. Recent progress on the inorganic ionic oligomers has broken through the limitation of classical nucleation, and realized the molecular-scaled incorporation of inorganic ionic compounds into an organic matrix. Here, the incorporation of hydrophilic calcium carbonate ionic oligomers into hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is demonstrated. The ultra-small calcium carbonate oligomers within a PVDF film endow it with an ultra-sensitive, reversible, and bidirectional response. The motivation ability is superior to other bidirectional humidity-actuators at present, which realizes self-motivation on an ice surface, converting the chemical potential energy of the humidity gradient from ice to kinetic energy. 相似文献
2.
Liting Yang Xiao Li Ke Pei Wenbin You Xianhu Liu Hui Xia Yonggang Wang Renchao Che 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(35):2103971
Large interfacial resistance plays a dominant role in the performance of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. However, the mechanism of interfacial resistance has been under debate. Here, the Li+ transport at the interfacial region is investigated to reveal the origin of the high Li+ transfer impedance in a LiCoO2(LCO)/LiPON/Pt all-solid-state battery. Both an unexpected nanocrystalline layer and a structurally disordered transition layer are discovered to be inherent to the LCO/LiPON interface. Under electrochemical conditions, the nanocrystalline layer with insufficient electrochemical stability leads to the introduction of voids during electrochemical cycles, which is the origin of the high Li+ transfer impedance at solid electrolyte-electrode interfaces. In addition, at relatively low temperatures, the oxygen vacancies migration in the transition layer results in the formation of Co3O4 nanocrystalline layer with nanovoids, which contributes to the high Li+ transfer impedance. This work sheds light on the mechanism for the high interfacial resistance and promotes overcoming the interfacial issues in all-solid-state batteries. 相似文献
3.
4.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(44):19217-19236
In our previous work, phosphorylated chitosan was modified through polymer blending with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) polymer to produce N-methylene phosphonic chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (NMPC/PVA) composite membranes. The aim of this work is to further investigate the effects of a propylammonium nitrate (PAN) ionic liquid and/or silicon dioxide (SiO2) filler on the morphology and physical properties of NMPC/PVA composite membranes. The temperature-dependent ionic conductivity of the composite membranes with various ionic liquid and filler compositions was studied by varying the loading of PAN ionic liquid and SiO2-PAN filler in the range of 5–20 wt%. As the loading of PAN ionic liquid increased in the NMPC/PVA membrane matrix, the ionic conductivity value also increased with the highest value of 0.53 × 10?3 S cm?1 at 25 °C and increased to 1.54 × 10?3 S cm?1 at 100 °C with 20 wt% PAN. The NMPC/PVA-PAN (20 wt%) composite membrane also exhibited the highest water uptake and ion exchange capacity, with values of 60.5% and 0.60 mequiv g?1, respectively. In addition, in the single-cell performance test, the NMPC/PVA-PAN (20 wt%) composite membrane displayed a maximum power density, which was increased by approximately 14% compared to the NMPC/PVA composite membrane with 5 wt% SiO2-PAN. This work demonstrated that modified NMPC/PVA composite membranes with ionic liquid PAN and/or SiO2 filler showed enhanced performance compared with unmodified NMPC/PVA composite membranes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. 相似文献
5.
Three kinds of alkoxy group-functionalized acidic ionic liquids (ILs) are reported in this work, namely, 1-(methoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate [MOE-MIM]HSO4, 1-(ethyoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate [EOE-MIM]HSO4, and 1-(propyoxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulphate [POE-MIM]HSO4. The short side chain on the cation of [MOE-MIM]HSO4 decreases the solubility of the IL in butanol and butyric acid and facilitates the separation of the IL from a reaction medium. The yield of butyl butyrate is up to 99.5%. After 10 rounds of recycling, the catalytic performance of [MOE-MIM]HSO4 shows no significant changes. 相似文献
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(12):16808-16812
Flash sintering has been reported in various ceramics. Nevertheless, anion and cation conductors exhibit different flash-sintering behaviors, and the interaction mechanism between the conductive species and the sintering environment has remained unclear. Herein, we report the flash-sintering phenomena of a typical cation conductor, Na3Zr2(SiO4)2(PO4) with anode region surrounded by air and NaNO3 environments. The results prove that the ionic behavior and joule heating distribution can be controlled by changing the electrode environment. Four possible scenarios describing the ion migration behavior and interaction with the environment are proposed for providing a guidance for controlling the ion interaction behavior during flash sintering. 相似文献
7.
Three Brønsted acidic imidazole dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) with different length of alkyl chains, [Cn(Mim)2][HSO4]2 (n = 3, 6, 12), were prepared and used as catalyst for the esterification reaction of free fatty acids and methanol. Taking oleic acid as model acid, the catalytic performances of the synthesized ILs for the esterification were evaluated. The main physicochemical properties of the ILs, thermal stability, acidity, solubility in common solvents, and causticity on Austenitic stainless steel 316, were examined. [C3(Mim)2][HSO4]2 demonstrated the highest catalytic activity and enabled to assess the preliminary optimum esterification condition of oleic acid and methanol. Under optimized reaction conditions, the yield of oleic acid methyl ester was up to 95 %. The ILs have great potential as catalysts for producing fatty acid methyl esters from long‐chain free fatty acids. 相似文献
8.
The gelation characteristics of acrylic‐acid‐based polymers in the presence of a range of cationic species, namely Ca2+, Mg2+ and Al3+, were investigated using in situ rheological measurements during photo‐polymerisation. Fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy was used to identify the gel point, using the Winter–Chambon criteria which allow the gel point to be pinpointed by establishing the sample spanning network and quantitatively determining stiffness, relaxation exponent, gel stiffness and fractal dimensions. The results showed that the gelation processes were greatly influenced by the type of cationic species that was used in the syntheses. At the gel point, more open network clusters were formed when Al3+ cations were used instead of Ca2+ cations or Mg2+ cations, all relating to chloride salts. Although the concentrations of the chelating/crosslinking aluminium species affected the kinetics of the gelation, the critical gel characteristics were hardly affected. Also the solubility of the chosen aluminium salt was shown to dictate the crosslinking rates and the properties of the critical gels. The extents of the reactions and the types of network formed at the gel point and beyond indicated that reactions between the Al3+ ions and COOH sites, from growing poly(acrylic acid) molecular chains, differ from those exhibited by Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. All of the chelation/crosslinking reactions met the criteria of low mutation number (Nmu), such that in all cases Nmu ? 1. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
9.
The performance of surface ionic conduction single chamber fuel cell (SIC‐SCFC) prepared by the sol gel method was studied on electric characteristics due to the differences of the operating temperature and humidity, the electrode distance and electrolyte film depth, and multiple cells with the series and parallel connections. The SIC–SCFC was arranged the both anode of Pt and cathode of Au on the boehmite electrolyte. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of single cell achieved a maximum of 530mV in the dry gas mixtures of O2/H2=50% in room temperature operation, and but it became decrease as over 60%. The OCV was maintained the constant value between operating temperatures of 30°C to 80°C, and but it was decreased sharply at over 90°C because a humidity on the cell became lower as increasing operating temperature. Then, the cell property was improved to 120°C by adding to the humidity of 70% using a humidifier. The electrode distance and the electrolyte film depth of SIC‐SCFC found to be contributed to the reductions of the cell resistance and the surface roughness on the electrode, respectively. Moreover, the power property of SIC‐SCFC was significantly improved by cell stacks comprised of the series or parallel connection of a cell. 相似文献
10.
Sirshendu Guha 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(3):e17505
In continuation to my previous work (Guha S. AIChE J. 2013;59(4):1390-1399), in this work, effects of ionic migration are evaluated for disk region of a rotating ring disk electrode system by numerically solving complex differential equations, developed for mass transfer along with kinetic complication in presence of ionic migration under limiting current condition. The system for simulation is 0.01 M Fe2(SO4)3 solution with H2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. Simulation cases are presence and absence of ionic migration with kinetic complication (oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ under O2 pressure). Results show that concentration boundary layer thickness of reactant Fe3+ reduces appreciably and steady-state disk current reduces substantially in presence of migration. Simulated steady-state disk current in absence of migration case agrees well with published data. Results indicate higher Fe2+ concentration in presence of migration and thereby higher rate of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ at all rate constant values. 相似文献