Analysis of the performance and mechanism of desulfurized rubber and low-density polyethylene compound-modified asphalt

Desulfurized rubber (DR) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were used to modify bitumen. The basic physical properties, rheological properties, chemical composition, thermogravimetric behavior, and morphological characteristics were determined and evaluated to analyze the performance and mechanism of DR and LDPE compound-modified asphalt. A series of experiments (e.g., conventional test methods, rotational viscosity, storage stability, and dynamic shear rheometer tests), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis–differential scanning calorimetry, fluorescence microscopy, and atomic force microscopy were conducted. The results revealed that DR-modified asphalt (DRMA) had increases in the penetration, ductility, softening point, and penetration index by 30.2, 22.3, 3.5, and 11.1%, respectively, over the crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CRMA). The compatibility between the asphalt and modifier is better for DRMA than for CRMA. These findings indicate that DRMA has a better pavement performance than CRMA. Furthermore, compared with DR-modified bitumen, LDPE inclusions increased the value of G*/sin δ by at least 75.9% and improved the thermal properties. Morphological observations confirmed that the DR/LDPE additives were better dispersed than crumb rubber and formed a more homogeneous phase separation in the asphalt. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48194.     

Measurement of solubility and diffusion coefficients of ethylene in solid and molten low-density polyethylene with different melt indices

The diffusion behavior of ethylene in polyethylene is of great importance for the polymerization and degassing of polyethylene (PE) industry. Based on the gravimetric sorption and desorption measurement approach, an intelligent gravimetric analyzer is applied to obtain the solubility and diffusion coefficients of ethylene in solid low-density PE (LDPE) with different melt indices at 30°C to 70°C, 0 to 4 atm and in molten LDPE at 160°C to 230°C, 0 to 4 atm, respectively. Results indicate that both the solubility and diffusion coefficients of ethylene in solid LDPE are smaller than those in molten LDPE, while the dissolution enthalpy and diffusion activation energy of ethylene in solid LDPE are higher. In addition, one- and two-dimensional diffusion models are built and the effects of particle size, polymer properties, and operation conditions are systematically investigated on the diffusion behaviors of ethylene in solid and molten LDPE.     

县城小区建设的建筑及景观设计

结合具体工程实例,探讨了彩云星城的设计思想,介绍了该项目的总体布局和绿地环境,详细分析了小区建设的户型设计、立面设计和节能设计,指出该项目是一个高层与多层相结合的低密度经典实例,是对高层与多层建筑创新性的完善演绎。     

Community response to environmental noise and the impact on cardiovascular risk score

Objective

The objective of our study was to investigate and evaluate the relationship between road traffic noise and cardiovascular risk.

Methods

The study sample (n = 659; 36.9% male, 63.1% female university students, mean age 22.83 ± 1.58 years) included a group exposed to road traffic noise (n = 280, L_eq,24 h = 67 ± 2 dB(A)) and a control group (n = 379, L_eq,24 h = 58.7 ± 6 dB(A)). Subjective response was determined by a validated noise annoyance questionnaire. The ten year risk of developing a coronary heart disease event was quantified as an evaluation of cardiovascular risk (SCORE60, Framingham 10-year risk estimation and projection to the age of 60, relative risk SCORE chart).

Results

Cardiovascular risk scores were significantly higher in the exposed group based on the Framingham scores projected to the age of 60, SCORE60 (AOR = 2.72 (95% CI = 1.21-6.15)) and the relative risk SCORE chart (AOR = 2.81 (1.46-5.41)).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the association between road traffic noise and cardiovascular risk.     

低密度住宅的绿色设计研究

针对低密度住宅区,分析了某项目中采用的外保温复合墙体、地源热泵系统、小区雨水收集系统等绿色技术。从建筑造价和运行费用出发,在保证良好住宅舒适度的前提下,降低建筑全寿命周期中的资源及能源的消耗量,实现了绿色建筑成本在较短时期内回收。     

“优势度”法在独院式住宅平面设计中的应用

住宅平面设计多为直觉和感性设计,由此产生的设计方案往往在住宅的朝向、采光及节能等方面存在着不足,从而造成住宅使用功能方面的问题,这种现象在低密度住宅的设计中尤为突出。针对独院式、并联式、联排式等低密度住宅的平面布局特点,提出住宅内不同位置处依据朝向、自然采光及节能保温等因素的“优势度”概念,并根据房间不同朝向,自然光源数量及不同围护内墙数量等因素,分别为每一个区域赋于优势度分值。建议平面设计以各区域综合优势度排序为依据。该方法有助于建筑师将直觉和感性设计转为理性设计。具体案例应用表明了方法的适用性。     

低密度射流冲击带壳装药起爆阈值的数值仿真

为消除反应装甲对主射流的干扰,提高破甲弹侵彻爆炸式反应装甲（ERA）的能力,利用非线性动力学分析软件AUTODYN-2D对特氟龙、尼龙、树脂玻璃等低密度材料射流冲击起爆带壳B炸药进行了仿真研究,并分别实现了高速下对带壳B炸药的穿而不爆。仿真发现：树脂玻璃表现出更佳的延展性,形成的射流形态更好,可在更高的速度下实现对ERA的穿而不爆,可作为反ERA聚能装药药型罩的优选材料;利用u2d阈值的测量方法作为射流冲击起爆的判据时,这几种射流的起爆阈值基本一致,高出Held提出的阈值约12.5%。     

新型实心低密度水泥研究

利用经表面改性的原料合成了一种新的实心减轻剂DJ-2,并通过优化降失水剂,增强了失水控制。结果表明,实心低密度水泥浆密度稳定,失水量降低,实心低密度水泥石抗压强度和抗折强度分别较漂珠低密度水泥石高20%和11%（75℃,72 h）。     

Flavonoids from Machilus japonica Stems and Their Inhibitory Effects on LDL Oxidation

Stems of Machilus japonica were extracted with 80% aqueous methanol (MeOH) and the concentrated extract was successively extracted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc), normal butanol (n-BuOH), and water. Six flavonoids were isolated from the EtOAc fraction: (+)-taxifolin, afzelin, (−)-epicatechin, 5,3''-di-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin, 5,7,3''-tri-O-methyl-(−)-epicatechin, and 5,7-di-O-methyl-3'',4''-methylenedioxyflavan-3-ol. The chemical structures were identified using spectroscopic data including NMR, mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy. This is the first report of isolation of these six compounds from M. japonica. The compounds were evaluated for their diphenyl picryl hydrazinyl scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on low-density lipoprotein oxidation. Compounds 1 and 3–6 exhibited DPPH antioxidant activity equivalent with that of ascorbic acid, with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of 0.16, 0.21, 0.17, 0.15 and 0.07 mM, respectively. The activity of compound 1 was similar to the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene, which had an IC₅₀ value of 1.9 µM, while compounds 3 and 5 showed little activity. Compounds 1, 3, and 5 exhibited LDL antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ values of 2.8, 7.1, and 4.6 µM, respectively.     

Modified Low Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein-Containing Circulating Immune Complexes as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes Macrovascular Disease

In atherosclerosis; blood low-density lipoproteins (LDL) are subjected to multiple enzymatic and non-enzymatic modifications that increase their atherogenicity and induce immunogenicity. Modified LDL are capable of inducing vascular inflammation through activation of innate immunity; thus, contributing to the progression of atherogenesis. The immunogenicity of modified LDL results in induction of self-antibodies specific to a certain type of modified LDL. The antibodies react with modified LDL forming circulating immune complexes. Circulating immune complexes exhibit prominent immunomodulatory properties that influence atherosclerotic inflammation. Compared to freely circulating modified LDL; modified LDL associated with the immune complexes have a more robust atherogenic and proinflammatory potential. Various lipid components of the immune complexes may serve not only as diagnostic but also as essential predictive markers of cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence indicates that LDL-containing immune complexes can also serve as biomarker for macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes.