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1.
林清宇  王祝  冯振飞  凌彪  陈镇 《化工进展》2022,41(11):5709-5721
随着工业技术不断发展,传统换热管的传热方式已经无法满足高热流密度下的热量输运要求。扭带插入物是一种能够有效提高换热管传热效率的强化传热元件,以其结构简单、加工容易的特点受到了很多学者的关注和研究。管内流体的传热性能及熵产往往作为评价换热管性能的重要参数,因此扭带结构与流动工质对这些参数的影响成为近年来研究的重点。本文主要综述了近十年来不同结构扭带对管内传热与熵产影响的研究进展。首先,将文献中研究的扭带按照几何结构进行分类,阐述和分析了不同类型扭带对换热管的传热、熵产以及综合性能的影响,试图找出几何结构与换热管传热性能以及熵产之间的联系。其次,介绍了扭带与纳米流体复合传热技术的研究进展。最后,归纳了研究人员为达到传热性能最大化以及熵产最小化而建立的传热和熵产模型,并对模型的优缺点进行了评价。  相似文献   
2.
低共熔溶剂在储能与传热方面的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
低共熔溶剂(deep eutectic solvents,DESs)通常是由一定化学计量比的氢键受体和氢键给体以氢键缔合的形式组成。因其具有低成本、无毒、饱和蒸气压低、热稳定性好、导电性好等优点,现已在有机合成、材料化学、电化学、生物质降解、催化等多个领域得到广泛应用。近年来,随着现代社会对高效能量存储和换热方面需求不断增加,低共熔溶剂在储能与传热等领域的应用受到研究人员的广泛关注。从“储与传”的角度详细综述了近年来低共熔溶剂在储能与传热方面的研究进展,从不同能量传递形式的角度出发主要分为以下两个部分:作为低共熔相变储能材料满足对潜热、相变温度及稳定性等方面的要求;作为传热工质满足对高效传热的需求。  相似文献   
3.
To investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a car radiator involved nanofluids, we used GAMBIT & FLUENT softwares and calculated the effective physical parameters using some famous models as a single‐phase mixture. Carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes have been used in less than 1% volume concentration in flat and twisted tubes. Our results show that nanofluids application in a twisted tube gives a great enhancement in the thermal performance in comparison of the flat tube.  相似文献   
4.
A numerical investigation on natural convective heat transfer of nanofluid (Al2O3+water) inside a partially heated vertical annulus of high aspect ratio (352) has been carried out. The computational fluid dynamics solver Ansys Fluent is used for simulation and results are presented for various volume fraction of nanoparticles (0‐0.04) at different heat flux values (3‐12 kW/m2). Two well‐known correlations for evaluating thermal conductivity and viscosity have been used. Thus different combinations of the available correlations have been set to form four models (I, II, III, and IV). Therefore, a detailed analysis has been executed to identify effects of thermophysical properties on heat transfer and fluid flow of nanofluids using different models. The results show enhancement in heat transfer coefficient with volume fraction of nanoparticles. Highest enhancement achieved is found to be 14.17% based on model III, while the minimum is around 7.27% based on model II. Dispersion of nanoparticles in base fluid declines the Nusselt number and Reynolds number with different rates depending on various models. A generalized correlation is proposed for Nusselt number of nanofluids in the annulus in terms of volume fraction of nanoparticles, Rayleigh number, Reynolds number, and Prandtl number.  相似文献   
5.
通过添加表面活性剂制备了Cu-H2O和Zr O2-H2O纳米流体,研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚等表面活性剂对Cu-H2O和Zr O2-H2O纳米流体分散稳定性的影响;并利用分子动力学方法计算出不同表面活性剂分子与Cu/Zr O2颗粒表面的相互作用能。结果发现添加表面活性剂可较大程度地提升纳米流体的稳定性,而尤以添加十二烷基苯磺酸钠的效果最为明显,计算结果也显示十二烷基苯磺酸钠分子与Cu/Zr O2间的吸附作用最强。此外,还模拟了SDBS与Cu-H2O纳米流体中Cu颗粒的吸附行为。  相似文献   
6.
Recently, many researchers have focused on their studies on the analysis of nanofluid flows due to their participation in the enhancement of heat transfer rates in industrial processes. The ordinary fluids, such as water, mineral oils, and so on, are known for their low thermal conductivity in heat transfer processes. A significant enhancement in the thermal properties of ordinary fluid may be obtained by adding nanoparticles having a diameter of less than 100 nm or suspension of fibers. Better spreading, wetting, dispersion, and stability and with acceptable viscosity are the main advantageous properties of nanofluids on a solid surface. The nanofluids are encountered in various thermal engineering systems such as in heat exchangers, refrigeration, thermal management of fuel cells, cooling of nuclear reactors, microelectromechanical systems, and others. In particular, the thermal conversion is known as a great application of nanotechnology, and many studies have been achieved with such fluids in heat exchangers. Therefore, this paper aims to present a global insight into the different applications of nanofluids in various heat exchangers, that is, heat pipe and plate-fin heat exchangers. All research works have been summarized into three main parts: laminar, transition, and turbulent nanofluid flow regimes.  相似文献   
7.
内燃机工作时依赖冷却系统将多余热量及时带走以保证燃烧室核心部件及润滑油膜的正常工作温度。常规内燃机冷却介质导热系数偏低,而新一代强化传热工质纳米流体具有明显提升的传热性能,应用于内燃机冷却系统有利于强化内燃机传热及提高热管理性能。且由于纳米流体的传热性能受纳米粒子的种类、大小、浓度、形状等因素影响,可以通过改变这些因素控制内燃机冷却水腔的传热量。综述了国内外研究者针对纳米流体导热系数与对流换热性能开展的试验测试、理论分析和计算机模拟研究工作,以及纳米流体应用于内燃机冷却系统中强化传热的进展,最后指出当前研究工作的不足及未来工作方向。  相似文献   
8.
Nanotechnology has been successfully implemented in many applications, such as nanoelectronics, nanobiomedicine, and nanodevices. However, this technology has rarely been applied to the oil and gas industry, especially in upstream exploration and production. The oil and gas industry needs to improve oil recovery and exploit unconventional resources. The cost of research and oil production is under immense pressure, and it is becoming more difficult to justify such investment when the crude oil price is weak and depressed. There is a widespread belief that nanotechnology may be exploited to develop novel nanomaterials with enhanced performance to combat these technological barriers. Increasing funding resources from governmental and global oil industry have been allocated to exploration, drilling, production, refining, and wastewater treatment. For example, nanosensors allow for precise measurement of reservoir conditions. Nanofluids prepared using functional nanomaterials may exhibit better performance in oil production processes, and nanocatalysts have improved the efficiency in oil refining and petrochemical processes. Nanomembranes enhance oil, water and gas separation, oil and gas purification, and the removal of impurities from wastewater. Functional nanomaterials can play an important role in the production of smart, reliable, and more durable equipment. In this review paper, we summarize the research progress and prospective applications of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the oil and gas industry.  相似文献   
9.
熔盐作为相变材料,可以用作聚热太阳能电站中的储热介质,通过向基盐中添加不同比例的纳米材料可以显著增强熔盐的热物性。将20 nm的SiO2纳米颗粒分别分散到硝酸钾、硝酸钠和solar salt (60% NaNO3,40% KNO3,均为质量分数)中制备成稳定的纳米流体,制备的每一种纳米流体都经过溶解、超生、干燥蒸发等过程。采用差式扫描量热法测量熔盐的比热容、熔化潜热、熔点等热物理性质,并采用激光闪射法对基盐和纳米熔盐的热扩散系数进行测量和分析。结果表明,SiO2颗粒的添加对硝酸钠、硝酸钾和solar salt的熔化潜热、比热容和热导率等热物理性质有显著的影响。与基盐相比,solar salt、硝酸钾和硝酸钠在液态的比热容值分别增加了4.7%~15.89%、3.9%~33.5%、1.9%~11.86%;测得的热导率分别最大增加了17.16%、39.7%、9.5%。  相似文献   
10.
In order to understand the synergistic effect of surfactants and nanofluids on enhancing recovery, hydrophilic and hydrophobic alumina nanomaterials were prepared for alumina nanofluids with surfactants. Oil-water interfacial tension and emulsion stability were investigated. The experimental results showed that nanofluids cooperated with surfactants could reduce oil-water interfacial tension in the proper concentration range, Nanoparticles decreased the average size of droplets, and restrained creaming and coalescence, therefore stabilizing the emulsion. The effect of nanofluids on the viscosity of heavy oil was also tested. The results indicated that the viscosity of heavy oil with surfactants was reduced by 42.8% when nanofluids were added at the shear rate of 10 s?1.  相似文献   
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