Description of the thermodynamic properties and fluid-phase behavior of aqueous solutions of linear,branched, and cyclic amines

The SAFT-γ Mie group-contribution equation of state is used to represent the fluid-phase behavior of aqueous solutions of a variety of linear, branched, and cyclic amines. New group interactions are developed in order to model the mixtures of interest, including the like and unlike interactions between alkyl primary, secondary, and tertiary amine groups (NH₂, NH, N), cyclic secondary and tertiary amine groups (cNH, cN), and cyclic methine-amine groups (cCHNH, cCHN) with water (H₂O). The group-interaction parameters are estimated from appropriate experimental thermodynamic data for pure amines and selected mixtures. By taking advantage of the group-contribution nature of the method, one can describe the fluid-phase behavior of mixtures of molecules comprising those groups over broad ranges of temperature, pressure, and composition. A number of aqueous solutions of amines are studied including linear, branched aliphatic, and cyclic amines. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) bounded by lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) have been reported experimentally and are reproduced here with the SAFT-γ Mie approach. The main feature of the approach is the ability not only to represent accurately the experimental data employed in the parameter estimation, but also to predict the vapor–liquid, liquid–liquid, and vapor–liquid–liquid equilibria, and LCSTs with the same set of parameters. Pure compound and binary phase diagrams of diverse types of amines and their aqueous solutions are assessed in order to demonstrate the main features of the thermodynamic and fluid-phase behavior.     

Rheological and viscoelastic properties of colloidal solutions based on gelatins and chitosan as affected by pH

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH on rheological and viscoelastic properties of solutions based on blends of type A (GeA) or type B (GeB) gelatin and chitosan (CH). Solutions of GeA, GeB, CH, GeA:CH, and GeB:CH were prepared in several pH (3.5–6.0) and analyzed for determination of zeta-potential. Rheological analyses (stationary and dynamic essays) were carried out with blends allowing to study the effect of pH on shear stress, apparent viscosity, loss (G”) and storage (G’) moduli, and angle phase (Tanδ). Zeta potential of all biopolymers decreased linearly as a function of pH. CH presented higher values, and GeB, the lowest one, being the only having negative values at pH > 5. Overall, the pH influenced the rheological and viscoelastic properties of the colloidal solutions: shear stress and apparent viscosity increased as a function of pH. Other assays were carried out at 3% and 5% strain, for GeA:CH and GeB:CH, respectively. In the sol domain, G’ and G” (1 Hz) increased linearly for GeA:CH. But for GeB:CH, they increased in two linear different regions: one function between pH 3.5 and 5.0 and another one between 5.0 and 6.0, being a more important effect was visible in this last domain probably due to the negative net charge of gelatin, above it pI. An effect in two domains was also visible for Tanδ, explained in the same manner as previously. The GeB:CH blends behaved like diluted solutions, and transition temperatures increased as a function of pH.     

Progress in molecular-simulation-based research on the effects of interface-induced fluid microstructures on flow resistance

In modern chemical engineering processes, solid interface involvement is the most important component of process intensification techniques, such as nanoporous membrane separation and heterogeneous catalysis. The fundamental mechanism underlying interfacial transport remains incompletely understood given the complexity of heterogeneous interfacial molecular interactions and the high nonideality of the fluid involved. Thus, understanding the effects of interface-induced fluid microstructures on flow resistance is the first step in further understanding interfacial transport. Molecular simulation has become an indispensable method for the investigation of fluid microstructure and flow resistance. Here, we reviewed the recent research progress of our group and the latest relevant works to elucidate the contribution of interface-induced fluid microstructures to flow resistance.We specifically focused on water, ionic aqueous solutions, and alcohol–water mixtures given the ubiquity of these fluid systems in modern chemical engineering processes. We discussed the effects of the interfaceinduced hydrogen bond networks of water molecules, the ionic hydration of ionic aqueous solutions, and the spatial distributions of alcohol and alcohol–water mixtures on flow resistance on the basis of the distinctive characteristics of different fluid systems.     

65号航空冷却液的泡沫倾向性研究

针对65号航空冷却液在过滤循环中出现泡沫较多的现象，对65号航空冷却液泡沫倾向性进行探究。按照石化行业标准《发动机冷却液泡沫倾向测定法（SH /T 0066-2002）》，利用冷却液泡沫倾向测定仪来评价65号航空冷却液泡沫倾向性，并进行水乙二醇溶液对照试验。结果表明，航空冷却液在低温和循环时间较长的情况下，其泡沫倾向性较大，而随着温度的升高和循环时间的缩短，泡沫倾向性有一定程度的改善；并且通过水乙二醇对照试验可知，冷却液的基础液泡沫倾向性较小。航空冷却液在过滤循环中出现的泡沫问题，是加入的添加剂所引起的。     

Experimental study on gas–liquid dispersion and mass transfer in shear-thinning system with coaxial mixer

The effects of impeller type, stirring power, gas flow rate, and liquid concentration on the gas–liquid mixing in a shear-thinning system with a coaxial mixer were investigated by experiment, and the overall gas holdup, relative power demand, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient under different conditions were compared. The results show that, the increasing stirring power or gas flow rate is beneficial in promoting the overall gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient, while the increasing system viscosity weakens the mass transfer in a shearing–thinning system. Among the three turbines, the six curved-blade disc turbine (BDT-6) exhibits the best gas pumping capacity; the six 45° pitched-blade disc turbine (PBDT-6) has the highest volumetric mass transfer coefficient at the same unit volume power.     

Aromatic Compounds from Lignin Liquefaction over ZSM‐5 Catalysts in Supercritical Ethanol

A systematic research about the liquefaction of alkali lignin in supercritical ethanol using ZSM‐5 zeolite catalysts is reported, which includes the synergistic effect of temperature, catalytic content, and reaction time on product yield and distribution. Fourier transform infrared and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis were carried out to evaluate the compositions of bio‐oil and solid residue. Under moderate condition, maximum conversion and yield of bio‐oil were satisfactorily high. With the help of ZSM‐5 catalyst, lignin could be successfully converted into aromatic compounds.     

低电阻率地层基于凹陷电极对的油基泥浆电成像测井四参数计算方法

油基泥浆电成像测井是当前测井领域的研究热点之一。针对电成像测井在油基泥浆环境中存在的问题，提出了在低电阻率地层中基于凹陷电极对的油基泥浆电成像测井四参数计算方法，4个参数包括地层电阻率、泥饼厚度、油基泥浆电阻率和油基泥浆介电常数。基于凹陷电极对的极板结构、工作原理及四参数的计算方法分析了4个参数的影响因素，绘制了油基泥浆电阻率和相对介电常数的校正图版，并利用随机数据和层状地层模型验证了计算方法的准确性。结果表明，泥饼厚度是油基泥浆电成像测井四参数计算中的关键参数。参数的计算步骤为：首先计算出泥饼厚度，进而确定电极系数、计算地层电阻率；然后，根据电流频率、地层电阻率、泥饼厚度等参数对油基泥浆电阻率及其相对介电常数的数值计算结果进行校正。在低电阻率地层条件下，基于凹陷电极对的测量和计算能够准确地反映油基泥浆电阻率、油基泥浆相对介电常数、地层电阻率和泥饼厚度的变化，为油基泥浆电成像测井仪器设计和数据处理提供有利支持。     

新型着色材料——速溶色浆粉的测试与应用

介绍了通过初级颜料的润湿、研磨与分散、稳定处理技术,使助剂和树脂均匀地包裹在颜料表面,并通过特殊工艺制得水性和油性色浆粉,并赋予了很好的速溶性和分散性。