适用于“一步酸溶法”生产氧化铝工艺中稀释料浆的高分子絮凝剂的合成

为达到"一步酸溶法"生产氧化铝工艺中稀释料浆在高温、高酸度工况下进行固液高效分离的目的,以丙烯酰胺(AM)与阳离子(DMDAAC)为共聚单体,通过水溶液聚合法合成了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)絮凝剂。以转化率和相对分子质量为目标,通过单因素分析法确定了最优的合成工艺条件,即反应温度30℃,单体总质量分数为30%,阳离子度5%,K2S2O8和NaHSO3质量分数均为0.005%,2,2′-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷盐酸盐)(V50)质量分数为0.0025%,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)质量分数为0.05%的条件下,反应时间为6 h,获得相对分子质量为1.2×107溶解性能较好的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)。     

Enhancements in sugar immobilization in polymeric macroporous matrices for affinity capture

The use of macroporous monolithic matrices in the purification of biocompounds is constantly growing and developing. In this work, the objective was to optimize the quantity of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (D-GlcNAc) immobilized on the surface of macroporous polymeric cryogels for capture of lectins from less clarified solutions. Surface response methodology was applied and it was observed that the immobilization temperature of the glutaraldehyde (GLU) and the D-GlcNAc concentration influenced the amount of sugar immobilized. The matrices produced with 1.1% of allyl glycidyl ether were functionalized by GLU. Optimal maximum condition was obtained with mean value of 160.39 ± 26.38 mg of D-GlcNAc immobilized per gram of dry cryogel. Characterization analyses of the matrices showed that the activation process was effective, maintaining the macroporous structure and physical characteristics. The adsorbents produced were tested for capture of lectins from a crude protein solution of barley. At tested conditions, adsorbent capture around 11% of protein in solution but reduce the hemaglutinating capacity in 40%, demonstrating its selectivity. The cryogels functionalized with D-GlcNAc present potential for use in capture compounds by affinity with carbohydrates, such as lectins. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47956.     

SZ36-1原油加工预处理过程原油结垢分析

对加工SZ36-1原油的炼化公司换热器结垢位置情况进行分析，采用X射线多晶衍射、碳氢元素分析、红外光谱等方法表征换热器结垢物的主要组成。X射线多晶衍射结果表明炼油厂装置结垢物中除砂土外的无机组分主要来自于原油含水对管线和装置的腐蚀产物；结垢物和SZ36-1原油的氢碳原子比结果表明结垢物中的有机组分主要来自于原油；红外光谱分析结果表明结垢物中含有丙烯酰胺类聚合物，并且与上游加注的疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺特征峰一致。综上分析认为，结垢物的产生与采油过程中加注的聚合物疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺有关。通过换热器动态模拟装置模拟含聚合物原油的结垢过程，结果表明：当温度高于85 ℃、原油中水质量分数为5%左右时，在换热器低流速段极易凝胶结垢；同时模拟装置结垢物的物理性质与炼油装置采集的垢样一致，进一步证明了聚丙烯酰胺主要起到凝集交联作用，将原油类物质包裹束缚住形成了结垢物。     

Self-healing behaviors of sulfobetaine polyacrylamide/chromium gel decided by viscosity and chemical compositions

The self-healing behaviors of sulfobetaine amphoteric polyacrylamide/chromium (SPAM/Cr) gel are investigated. The role of chemical composition, including different types of polyacrylamide, acid, and sodium sulfate, in the gel synthesis process as well as the gel's self-healing ability are studied and compared. It is found that the chemical structure with electrostatic discharge repulsion and hydrophobic interaction of amphoteric polyacrylamide play the key roles in the gelation and self-healing processes. Furthermore, lactic acid cannot only adjust the pH value of the system, but also help to form organic chromium, which can coordinate with the  COO group to form the crosslinked gel. The concentration of sodium sulfate can affect self-healing behaviors via electric charge as well. A best concentration range of 220–1600 mg/L is found to provide the maximum self-healing ability in the SPAM/Cr gel at 45 °C for 72 h. The oil field experimental results for the S5-10-P50 well group show that the viscosity recovery rate of the SPAM/Cr gel is greater than 66% after 60 days, and the average starting pressure increases about 1–3 MPa after profile control. The results demonstrate that self-healing SPAM/Cr gel is a type of high-efficiency gel that can be used for depth water plugging and profile control in oil fields. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 46991.     

Inverse emulsion polymerization of triple monomers of acrylamide,maleic anhydride,and styrene to achieve highly hydrophilic–hydrophobic modified polyacrylamide

The purpose of this study was the production of copolymers and terpolymers with highly hydrophilic–hydrophobic properties, using inexpensive and available monomers as potential enhancing oil recovery (EOR) and water production control agents for high-temperature and high-salinity (HTHS) oil reservoirs. For this purpose, several copolymers and terpolymers with different molar percentage of acrylamide/styrene, acrylamide/maleic anhydride, and acrylamide/styrene/maleic anhydride were synthesized by the inverse emulsion polymerization technique. The presence of hydrophobic styrene and hydrophilic maleic anhydride monomers in the copolymer and terpolymer structure, provided some unique properties compared to polyacrylamide, was confirmed by several analyses including HNMR, elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and DSC. Simulating HTHS oil reservoir condition under high salinity, temperature, and shear rate, the rheological studies suggested unlike traditional EOR agents such as polyacrylamide, the viscosity of the copolymer, and terpolymer aqueous solutions showed a considerable increase after a critical polymer concentration and less reduction with the salt increment at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the swelling ratio of the insoluble terpolymers measured versus the time and temperature in salt water increased with the maleic anhydride mole fraction, decreased with the salt concentration, and showed a maximum value at around 57 °C. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47753.     

Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微球浓乳液制备及粒径演化

浓乳液聚合产品稳定性好,颗粒尺寸更接近地层孔隙尺寸,在油田开发中具有较大的应用价值。基于微乳液制备了一系列甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的浓乳液,通过电导率测试、流变性分析、显微镜观察,研究了聚合前后浓乳液结构、粒径分布及稳定性。结果表明浓乳液的黏度及屈服应力,随着水相单体浓度（C_M）增加而降低,随着油相中表面活性剂含量（m_S）增加先升高后降低,乳液稳定性有相同趋势;浓乳液在C_M>40%及m_S=2.5 g时的失稳,原因分别是渗滤作用和高黏度下乳化不充分;聚合前液滴粒径分布在1～30 mm,聚合后微球粒径在0.4～5 mm,且粒径分布由聚合前双峰变为聚合后单峰,这一现象可以由Kolmogoro-Hinze的乳化理论解释,并由微球乳液的黏度增加至原始浓乳液的10倍证实。     

聚丙烯酰胺生物降解研究进展

首先根据含聚丙烯酰胺的性质,简要介绍了聚丙烯酰胺降解方法及降解机理。文章重点综述了近年来国内外生物法降解聚丙烯酰胺的机理研究和主要降解菌种的筛选情况,并针对生物法研究存在的不足,提出了今后发展方向的展望。     

阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺技术条件及絮凝性能评价研究

国家《节能减排"十二五"规划》中,在加强城镇生活污水处理设施建设方面,要求到2015年我国城市污水处理率和污泥无害化处置率分别达到85%和70%。阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺作为一种性能良好的污水处理与污泥脱水剂,被广泛应用于污水处理、污泥脱水处理中。阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺具有优良的选择性和适应性,目前世界有五大系列2 000多个品种,世界年总需求量为65万t,年需求增长率为10%。今后我国污泥脱水处理、污水处理、石油开采、造纸等领域对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的需求量将不断增长。针对阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺制定了系列质量评价方法并对其在水处理应用方面进行了研究。     

非均相Fenton反应催化降解聚丙烯酰胺

研究了载体类型、活性组分负载方法和负载量和反应条件对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,以NaY为载体,采用微波法制备氧化铁负载量为5%(质量分数)的催化剂,在反应时间1 h,反应温度30℃,催化剂加入量5 g/L,H2O2用量7 mL/L的条件下,对浓度为200 mg/L的聚丙烯酰胺溶液的降解率可达86.63%。