川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组致密气处理和解释关键技术与应用

四川盆地蕴含丰富的致密砂岩气资源，近期利用高精度三维资料开展侏罗系沙溪庙组河道砂体勘探取得突出成效。沙溪庙组河道砂体具有横向变化快、储层非均质性强的特点，因此提高河道砂体的边界识别及其含气性预测精度是致密气地震勘探的关键。通过开展AVO特征低频保护的“六分法”（分类、分频、分时、分域、分步和分区）高保真叠前去噪、近地表Q补偿和OVT域叠前时间偏移等技术攻关，形成了一套针对川中地区侏罗系沙溪庙组致密气藏的“双高”（高保真、高分辨率）地震处理技术，并创新应用“双亮点”属性及多波、多分量砂体含气性地震预测等解释技术，提高了含气砂体预测精度。该技术系列在川中沙溪庙组致密气预测应用成果显著，地震数据频带得到了拓宽，低频信息更加丰富，资料信噪比明显提升，河道边界及其含气性预测的精度大幅提高，钻井成功率超过83%，应用成果有力地支撑了该地区沙溪庙组致密气的增储上产。     

Reduced Claudin-12 Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Cervical Cancer

Background: Within the claudin (CLDN) family, CLDN12 mRNA expression is altered in various types of cancer, but its clinicopathological relevance has yet to be established due to the absence of specific antibodies (Abs) with broad applications. Methods: We generated a monoclonal Ab (mAb) against human/mouse CLDN12 and verified its specificity. By performing immunohistochemical staining and semiquantification, we evaluated the relationship between CLDN12 expression and clinicopathological parameters in tissues from 138 cases of cervical cancer. Results: Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the established mAb selectively recognized the CLDN12 protein. Twenty six of the 138 cases (18.8%) showed low CLDN12 expression, and the disease-specific survival (DSS) and recurrence-free survival rates were significantly decreased compared with those in the high CLDN12 expression group. We also demonstrated, via univariable and multivariable analyses, that the low CLDN12 expression represents a significant prognostic factor for the DSS of cervical cancer patients (HR 3.412, p = 0.002 and HR 2.615, p = 0.029, respectively). Conclusions: It can be concluded that a reduced CLDN12 expression predicts a poor outcome for cervical cancer. The novel anti-CLDN12 mAb could be a valuable tool to evaluate the biological relevance of the CLDN12 expression in diverse cancer types and other diseases.     

致密砂岩油藏能量补充方式评价及优化

针对致密砂岩油藏大规模体积压裂开发后能量补充困难的问题,利用自主设计制作的大型人造三维岩心物理模型和物理模拟实验舱,开展致密砂岩油藏能量补充方式优化研究。实验结果表明:致密砂岩油藏压裂开发过程中,地层能量损耗严重,采取注水或注气的方式可有效进行能量补充;地层中裂缝规模越大,越有利于原油渗流,后续补充能量的传播范围越广,有助于进一步提高原油采收率;从提高驱油效率和扩大波及系数方面优选吞吐渗吸介质,CO₂均优于活性水,CO₂吞吐开发在矿场试验中取得了显著的增油效果,因此,CO₂吞吐作为一种有效的能量补充方式在致密油开发中展现了良好的应用前景。该文分析了致密砂岩储层水平井压裂开发的渗流规律,优选出致密砂岩储层大规模压裂开发后最佳渗吸介质,可为致密砂岩油藏开发设计提供重要的理论依据。     

Effect of paddy variety,milling status and aeration on the progeny emergence of Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

In Sri Lanka, insects cause enormous losses in stored paddy; the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae is a devastating insect. The magnitude of losses in stored paddy caused by insects varies with characteristics of paddy but has not yet been fully investigated. Due to the increased concerns on the use of synthetic chemicals, safer alternative pest management strategies for stored paddy are needed. Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of paddy variety, milling status and nature of aeration on the progeny emergence of S. oryzae. The experimental design was a three-factor factorial, completely randomized design (CRD).Freshly emerged S. oryzae adults were introduced to un-milled paddy or milled/polished rice belonging to traditional and improved varieties. The samples were maintained either open or airtight, and the progeny adults emerged was determined at monthly intervals. Progeny emergence was lower in the traditional varieties, un-milled paddy and under air-tight condition compared to improved varieties, milled/polished rice and aerated samples, respectively. Overall, the improved variety Bg 300 exhibited the maximum resistance to infestation by S. oryzae. Furthermore, white-colour and long-grain varieties produced lower progeny of S. oryzae than red-colour and short-grain varieties, respectively. It is concluded that the maximum protection in paddy/rice from insect infestation during storage can be achieved by using traditional varieties, stored as un-milled paddy (without dehusked) under airtight condition.     

白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量的差异性

白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量参数为随机分布的连续谱系，孔隙结构、物理参数复杂多变，表征难度较大。基于铸体薄片、压汞、核磁共振、孔隙度和渗透率等测试技术，结合大量天然气勘探开发实际资料，采用统计分析对比方法，重点讨论了储层质量宏观与微观参数特征。结果表明，白云岩与砂岩致密储集体质量参数具有正态分布特征，是一种金字塔数据结构，常规储层比例一般为15%~20%，是砂岩或白云岩致密储层的“甜点”；致密砂岩储层微观孔隙发育，孔、喉连通性较好，分布比较均匀，储层孔、渗关系较好，表现为相对高孔和低渗；白云岩致密储层质量尽管具有孔、喉连通性差和孔、渗关系较差的不利因素，但也具有相对高渗、低束缚水饱和度、低排驱压力及裂缝网络发育等有利因素，天然气渗流能力较好，勘探开发潜力较大。我国发育碳酸盐岩沉积，应加强致密白云岩气藏成藏条件研究与勘探。     

苏里格致密砂岩气藏未动用储量评价及开发对策

为落实苏里格气田强非均质致密砂岩气藏储量规模和动用程度、评价稳产潜力，基于储层地质知识库，通过细分计算单元采用"容积法"完成储量复算；结合储层静态参数、气井生产指标及内部收益率建立了储量分类评价标准，将储量分为富集区、致密区和富水区三类；优选"单井控制面积法"评价已动用储量和剩余未动用储量。评价结果表明，苏里格气田储量基础落实，各区块储量动用程度差异大，储量综合动用程度为40.1%，剩余未动用储量规模大，稳产潜力较好。目前经济技术条件下，气田稳产主要通过井网加密、侧钻水平井及查层补孔的方式来提高富集区和致密区储量动用程度，富水区剩余储量的有效动用仍须进一步攻关。