耐热型纸吸管纸的制备及性能研究

以漂白硫酸盐针叶木浆和阔叶木浆为原料，通过湿法成形、表面施胶及涂布耐热胶黏剂制备耐热型纸吸管纸，主要采用挺度、环压强度、湿抗张强度及接触角等指标评价纸吸管纸性能；对比探究了耐热胶黏剂与普通胶黏剂对纸吸管性能及使用安全性的影响。结果表明，CW/AKD混合乳液施胶量为14 g/m²，AKD用量为0.10%（相对于原纸定量，其中里纸定量100～140 g/m²，面纸定量40～80 g/m²）时，纸吸管里纸、面纸挺度分别为3.59 mN·m和2.63 mN·m，环压强度分别为1.75 kN/m和0.37 kN/m，抗张强度分别为7.68 kN/m和3.57 kN/m，湿抗张强度分别为1.43 kN/m和0.78 kN/m，吸收性分别为29.8 g/m²和27.2 g/m²，接触角分别达到145.9°和149.4°；热水抽出物含量分别为3.252%和3.312%，浸泡液浊度均在2 NTU左右；耐热胶黏剂不仅具有普通胶黏剂一样的黏合强度，且耐热、不溶于水，可用于耐热型纸吸管纸的黏合，且满足耐热型纸吸管纸的使用安全性能要求。     

Fenton 絮凝工艺去除废水中的有机物试验

为了研究废水中有机物的去除问题，针对某企业含有机物废水进行了对比试验，采用了Fenton 絮凝联合工艺去除废水中的COD（化学需氧量）和浊度，考察了初始pH值、H2O2投加量、H2O2与Fe2+投加物质的量比、反应时间、絮凝剂投加量以及絮凝剂投加时的pH值对COD以及浊度去除效果的影响。结果表明，采用最佳工艺参数组合后，浊度去除率和COD的去除率分别为99.32%和97.27%。     

Use of solution crystallization analysis by laser light scattering for studying the solution crystallization of various Ziegler–Natta‐catalysed polypropylenes

Solution crystallization analysis by laser light scattering (SCALLS) involves the observation of the scattering of diode mercury laser lamp light after it passes through a polymer solution. An increase in turbidity occurs when the hot polymer solution is cooled and the polymer starts to crystallize out of solution. This causes a decrease in the amount of laser light that can pass through the solution and an increase in the amount of scattered light. The reverse of this process leads to the turbidity decreasing with an increase in temperature. According to this concept, it is possible to follow the solution crystallization of various polypropylenes under controlled cooling. In this study, SCALLS was able to differentiate between different isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylenes with similar chemical structures, but different tacticity and molecular weights. Furthermore, SCALLS provided good crystallization information that is similar to that from crystallization analysis fractionation and temperature rising elution fractionation. In addition, SCALLS can be used as a quantitative tool for the measurement of weight fractions during dissolution. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

低温低浊原水处理的混凝剂筛选试验及水厂生产应用实例

摘要对苏州X水厂低温低浊原水进行了混凝剂选型试验。通过中试试验,发现聚硫氯化铝（PASC）的混凝效果显著优于其他混凝剂。通过生产试验验证并结合成本核算,验证了聚硫氯化铝在处理低温低浊原水时的效果显著优于其他混凝剂。     

Relationship among turbidity, particle counts and bacteriological quality within water distribution lines

The turbidity standard for water quality was evaluated in relation to total particle counts, heterotrophic plate counts and epifluorescence direct cell counts of three different municipal drinking-waters. Turbidity and particle counts were directly proportional. There was no predictable relationship between bacteriological quality and turbidity or particle counts. Heterotrophic plate counts under-estimated epifluorescence direct cell counts by a factor of at least 500. Water quality degradation occurred in municipal drinking-water systems because of intermittent short duration events that resulted in high turbidity, particle counts and heterotrophic plate counts. Further, for all parameters measured variability increased with distance traveled within a pipe except for ground water.     

微絮凝直接过滤工艺处理低浊度原水试验研究

采用微絮凝直接过滤对低浊度原水进行试验研究，试验结果表明：当原水浊度小于20NTU时，采用聚合氯化铝（PAC）作为絮凝剂，控制投药量为3～5mg／L，絮凝时间3～5min，可保证出水浊度小于0．5NTU，符合国家饮用水卫生标准．     

处理低温低浊水的混凝剂优选

通过混凝沉淀烧杯试验和水厂生产性试验,对硫酸铝（AS）和几种聚氯化铝（PAC）进行了优选,最终确定由深圳中润水工业技术发展有限公司提供技术、太仓新星轻工助剂厂生产的ZR-3型聚氯化铝的混凝沉淀效果最佳.在水温较低（＜10℃）时,与硫酸铝相比其投加量（以氧化铝计）可降低50%左右,药剂费可降低15%左右,出厂水pH值可提高0.2～0.3,余铝含量可下降约50%,并可大幅减少污泥产量,同时混凝剂投加量与沉淀池出水的pH值和铝含量具有较高的相关性.工程投产后取得了显著的社会效益和经济效益.     

集水孔面积的改变对平流沉淀池出水的研究

通过对南方某市一大型自来水厂集水槽的实验研究，得出了在集水总长不变的前提下，适当改变后段集水孔的面积，从而相对增大前段集水量和集水速度，可使槽前、槽后浊度差减小0．4NTU左右，集水总渠浊度降低0．2NTU左右的结论，具有较好的经济效益。     

处理低温、低浊宁波白溪水库水的混凝剂优化

通过烧杯试验，考察了聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）及两者分别与聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（PDM）复配后对低温、低浊白溪水库水的除浊效果。结果表明：对温度〈10℃、浊度约为1．5NTU的原水，在试验确定的混凝搅拌条件下，PFS的处理效果最佳，在3mg／L的投量下可使剩余浊度〈0．2NTU；投加PAC时，能在2．5mg／L的投量下将剩余浊度降至最低，为0．8NTU。PDM与PFS复配后，最低能使剩余浊度降至0．4NTU左右，除浊效果比单独使用PFS时差；PDM与PAC复配后，没有明显的除浊效果。PFS可用于对低温、低浊白溪水库水的混凝处理，PDM不适宜作为其强化混凝的助凝剂。