An iterative method for suboptimal control of linear time-delayed systems

This article presents a new approach for solving the Optimal Control Problem (OCP) of linear time-delay systems with a quadratic cost functional. The proposed method can also be used for designing optimal control time-delay systems with disturbance. In this study, the Variational Iteration Method (VIM) is employed to convert the original Time-Delay Optimal Control Problem (TDOCP) into a sequence of nonhomogeneous linear two-point boundary value problems (TPBVPs). The optimal control law obtained consists of an accurate linear feedback term and a nonlinear compensation term which is the limit of an adjoint vector sequence. The feedback term is determined by solving Riccati matrix differential equation. By using the finite-step iteration of a nonlinear compensation sequence, we can obtain a suboptimal control law. Finally, Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique.     

Comparative studies on Ar and He closed-cycle MHD power plants combined with fossil fuel

Comparative studies on Ar and He closed-cycle MHD power plants combined with fossil fuel are performed. The sizes of a regenerative heat exchanger and a boiler are expected to be smaller for He than for Ar. The pressure loss of a working gas in a regenerative heat exchanger is reduced for He. The purification subsystem for He is expected to be more compact and economical than that for Ar; but a larger compressor is required for He than for Ar.     

Heat transfer and flow of He II in narrow channels

Heat transfer and fluid flow of He II in a long, narrow channel connected to a bath that supplies a constant supply of heat have been investigated by numerical simulations by using the simplified model of Kitamura et al. [Cryogenics 37 (1) (1997) 1]. Such channels are used to cool compact, stable, low-temperature magnets. The fluid flow is driven by natural convection and the mutual friction between the normal fluid and the superfluid.In this model, the thermomechanical effect and the Goter-Mellink mutual friction balance each other. A consequence of this balance is that the velocity and temperature distributions of He II can be characterized by a dimensionless, dependent parameter equal to the ratio of the fluid speeds of internal convection to the total fluid flow. After a sudden application of heat flux, the internal convection dominates over the total fluid flow until the establishment of steady-state temperature gradients. This predicts that the time required to set up the steady-state total fluid flow is proportional to the total heat capacity in the channel.     

Experimental results of the erosion of molybdenum due to blistering by He+ bombardment

We report some preliminary measurement of the erosion rate of plasma dumps when bombarded with 100 keV He⁺ ions at high power density ( 1 MW/m²). The expected erosion rates, based on measurements of He blistering that were made at lower power density ( 0.3 MW/m²), indicate a potentially serious problem for fusion reactors. Our tests use a reactorlike power density and produce He blisters at a rate that is slower than predicted by 2 to 4 orders of magnitude, depending on the temperature of the molybdenum target.     

靖边气田盒8段钻井液封堵性能提高方法研究

高桥地区靖边气田石盒子组盒8段砂岩储层井径扩大严重,引起测井信息失真、地质储量评价不准确等一系列问题.通过优化CaCO3酸溶性封堵剂的复配比例和添加成膜剂及润湿反转剂降低砂岩自吸两种途径提高钻井液的封堵性能,从而实现井壁稳定.改进后钻井液对盒8段的封堵率提高至95.6%,砂岩自吸量降低85%.     

四川作家何大草小说《所有的乡愁》的研究

四川作家何大草的长篇历史小说《所有的乡愁》,选取了中国历史自戊戌变法以来近百年的时间段落,以精妙的构思,深情的笔墨,绾合了民族的史诗和每个人的乡愁,立体化地展示了中华民族百年忧患中乡愁积淀和凝聚的历史进程,揭示了乡愁生发的现实空间和精神性的牵连,以悲悯的目光,穿透了人们心中的黑暗,传达出一种关于人类心灵的形而上之思。     

延迟焦化装置干气脱硫系统技术改造

分析延迟焦化装置干气脱硫系统净化干气中烯烃、硫含量达不到设计值的原因,通过调整柴油吸收及换热系统工艺流程、改造脱硫塔内件、溶剂再生塔和换用新型溶剂,使净化干气的各项指标达到制氢原料的要求,取得好的经济效益。     

Spin effects in the screening and Auger neutralization of He ions in a spin-polarized electron gas

The screening of a He⁺ ion embedded in a free electron gas is studied for different spin-polarizations of the medium. Density functional theory and the local spin density approximation are used to calculate the induced electronic density for each spin orientation, i.e. parallel or antiparallel to the spin of the electron bound to the ion. Since both the He⁺ ion and the electron gas are spin-polarized, we analyze in detail the spin state of the screening cloud for the two different possibilities: the spin of the bound electron can be parallel to either the mayority spin or the minority spin in the medium. Finally, the spin-dependent Kohn–Sham orbitals are used to calculate the Auger neutralization rate of the He⁺ ion. The polarization of the Auger excited electron is influenced by the spin-polarization of the medium. The results are discussed in terms of the spin-dependent screening and the indistinguishability of electrons with the same spin state.     

核动力堆安全壳内外中子能谱和剂量测量

利用自制的多球谱仪测量了某核动力反应堆安全壳内外的中子能谱和剂量当量率。对安全壳外测量，中心探测器为球形^3He正比计数管；对安全壳内测量，中心探测器为球形金箔。系统的响应函数用MCNP程序计算，解谱程序为MIEKEB。为验证系统响应函数计算的准确性，进行了一些实验测量，并与理论计算结果进行了比较。结果表明，测量结果与计算结果在不确定度范围内相吻合。     

石墨镶嵌Co纳米晶的形成及其特性

用直流碳弧法在阳极石墨棒中加入金属Ｃｏ产生石墨镶嵌Ｃｏ纳米晶,研究在复合石墨棒中加入不同的Ｃｏ含量对石墨镶嵌Ｃｏ纳米晶的形貌、结构特性及晶粒尺寸分布的影响,探讨石墨镶嵌Ｃｏ纳米晶的形成原因及碳弧法中氦气压力和Ｃｏ含量对掺Ｃｏ阳极石墨棒所产生的碳灰的Ｃ６０／７０产率的影响。结果表明,复合阳极棒中的Ｃｏ含量决定了石墨镶嵌Ｃｏ纳米晶的数量和晶凿直径分布,碳弧法中的Ｈｅ气压力仍是影响掺Ｃｏ阳极棒所产生的碳