From Flood Land to New Urban Area: Water Adaptation History and Visions for Daodi Flood Land in the West of Beijing

Daodi Flood Land, located in Mentougou District of Beijing, is a relatively separate flood land in the lower reaches and on the east of Yonding River. This largest landscape character area in the west of Beijing along the river illustrates the history of human–water interaction and discloses the trends and problems of rural urbanization. Focusing on Daodi Flood Land, this paper expands the research on adaptation by introducing basic concepts and research framework, and reviews the research trends from spatial, temporal, and participant aspects. Considering the typical characters of the study area, this research employed participatory approaches, such as mapping and problem and solution trees, due to the lack of continuous and accurate data. Basing on literature review and field investigation on issues of floods, agricultural irrigation, and water resource utilization, water adaptive development visions for the study area were proposed from perspectives of landscape and culture. Finally, the paper further analyzes the structural relations between adaptation problems, natural and social systems, passive and active adaptations, and planned and unplanned adaptations, with the aim to provide reference for relevant studies and applications of adaptation approaches in other cases.     

Structural Characteristics and Contemporary Value of Traditional Water Cultural Landscapes in Huizhou Region

Water culture is one of the key issues in Water Ecological Civilization. China’s traditional water cultural landscape embodies rich water cultures, and have a significance in related research and protection practice. This paper proposes the concept of “water cultural landscape,” that is, the landscape formed through humans’ environmental alteration during water activities—including how people use, transform, and manage it. The traditional water cultural landscapes in Huizhou Region have developed over hundreds of years, reflecting the locals’ wisdom in sustainable water use. The water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region should be interpreted as a systematic notion, in which all landscape elements such as ponds, weirs, and shuikous are interdependent, composing the landscape components e.g. valleys, hills, and basins, and establishing water security patterns for cities, towns, villages, and for production. The traditional water cultural landscape in Huizhou Region requires local generations’ long-term maintenance and management, and in turn it is also vital to Huizhou people's life and Huizhou culture. Today, it acts as an ecological infrastructure for sponge countryside and sponge city construction, and an important resource for heritage protection and tourism development.     

山地地表覆被野外采样系统研究及应用

野外样点数据是土地覆被遥感制图中训练样本和精度检验样本的重要来源。在山区地表覆被野外样点采集过程中,受采样距离以及河流、地形等的阻挡,大量样点难以直接到达,影响了山地地表覆被野外样点的代表性。为了获取高质量的山区地表覆被野外样点,研发一款高精度、远距离、不接触、自动化采样的山地地表覆被信息野外采样系统显得十分必要。以移动式客户端为工作平台,基于Android操作系统和ArcGIS API for Android设计了一套山地地表覆被野外采样系统。该系统提供了单点和双点交会采样两种模式,用户可以根据地表覆被距离选择不同模式自动化获取采样地物的地理坐标、地表覆被类型信息、图像信息和用户定制的其他属性信息。经野外实地验证,该系统可以获取肉眼可辨的不同距离的山地地表覆被样点,提高了地表覆被野外采样效率。获取的可见远距离地表覆被目标的坐标距离误差在30m以内,满足30m尺度土地覆被产品生产对样点定位精度的要求。     

Estimation of a preference map of new consumers for spatial load forecasting simulation methods using a spatial analysis of points

The paper presents a spatial analysis of points especially suited to estimate a preference map for new consumers, which is then used as an analytical tool in spatial electric load forecasting. This approach is an exploratory spatial data analysis used to discover useful point patterns in the spatial location of distribution transformers to calculate a preference value for each area, rating it with respect to a hypothetical load change that may occur. We consider the locations of distribution transformers occupied land. Random points are generated in the study area where the new loads are expected; these points are referred to as unoccupied land. The method uses a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the probability of unoccupied land becoming occupied land. We test the approach with data from a real distribution system in a mid-size city in Brazil; the result is a preference map that shows the areas where new consumers are most likely to be allocated. The main advantage of this method is the ability work with a small-scale resolution, which enables the use of a resolution suitable for spatial load forecasting method chosen. We test the calculated probabilities in a spatial load forecasting simulation, yielding results with lower spatial error when compared with the heuristic technique.     

Multiobjective PSO based adaption of neural network topology for pixel classification in satellite imagery

The proposed work involves the multiobjective PSO based adaption of optimal neural network topology for the classification of multispectral satellite images. It is per pixel supervised classification using spectral bands (original feature space). This paper also presents a thorough experimental analysis to investigate the behavior of neural network classifier for given problem. Based on 1050 number of experiments, we conclude that following two critical issues needs to be addressed: (1) selection of most discriminative spectral bands and (2) determination of optimal number of nodes in hidden layer. We propose new methodology based on multiobjective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) technique to determine discriminative spectral bands and the number of hidden layer node simultaneously. The accuracy with neural network structure thus obtained is compared with that of traditional classifiers like MLC and Euclidean classifier. The performance of proposed classifier is evaluated quantitatively using Xie-Beni and β indexes. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional one.     

Governance assessment of UAV implementation in Kenyan land administration system

The ‘fit-for-purpose’ (FFP) approach was developed to respond to the challenges that the creation of a sustainable land administration system (LAS) faces. FFP has proved its value in integrating technological innovations such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in LAS. Technological innovations need to consider the governance context when being implemented. Understanding the relevance of the FFP approach and acknowledging the importance of the governance context, this research applies the ‘Fit-for-purpose governance assessment framework’ (FGAF). FGAF helps to understand the challenges that the implementation of UAVs can face in the LAS in Kenya. This governance assessment is based on 16 semi-structured in-depth interviews, three one-day workshops with local stakeholders and UAVs pilot studies to test the technology. The findings suggest that there are major and minor challenges concerning different attributes of FFP qualities. The governance context across counties is fragmented with a high degree of uncertainty and uneven capacity conditions. There are overlapping responsibilities and trust issues among the different actors. Participation of private and non-governmental actors is limited. Yet, steps have been taken toward the adoption of innovative approaches. Although financial resources are limited, the diversity of local and international stakeholders can work as a leverage point to support the implementation of UAVs in the mid and long-term.     

编制规划 指导复垦

依据我国土地复垦的现状，文中强调了制定土地复垦规划的重要性，提出在制定规划时应贯彻执行《土地复垦规定》，注意统筹安排、生产与复垦结合、改善环境、因地制宜地合理利用复垦后的土地。     

云南沿边境地带小流域LUCC遥感监测试验研究

通过对1990年和2004年两期Landsat TM影像LUCC信息提取方法的处理,揭示了14年间畹町河流域土地利用/土地覆盖的动态变化情况,并对其数量变化和空间特征进行了分析。研究表明,1990-2004年间流域内林地和水域面积显著减少,城镇沿公路大量向外扩张,耕地和未利用土地面积有所增加,草地面积相对持平。     

矿区土地复垦信息系统研究初探

土地复垦是一个复杂的系统工程。传统的工作方式和管理方式越来越不适应当前业务的需要。利用GIS建立矿区土地复垦信息系统，其目的在于制定合理的土地复垦规划方案和进行科学管理。首先介绍了GIS在土地复垦中的应用现状，阐述了基于GIS建立矿区土地复垦信息系统的必要性及系统所要实现的目标，然后提出了系统的主要功能，并给出了几个主要功能的应用模型及实现方法。该系统有助于提高土地复垦规划的效率和科学性，促进土地复垦的发展。