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1.
在允许保险资金投资金融衍生品的情境下,如何通过投资与再保险进行风险管控是保险公司亟需解决的问题之一。假设保险公司决策者具有暧昧厌恶偏好,他们对交易市场中的模型参数存在暧昧性,并旨在寻找鲁棒最优投资与再保险策略。暧昧厌恶型的保险公司一方面允许购买比例再保险来控制索赔风险,另一方面通过在包含衍生品的金融市场中投资来实现财富的保值增值。本文以终端财富期望效用最大化为目标构建了鲁棒优化模型,利用动态规划方法给出了优化问题对应的HJB(Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman)方程,并通过求解HJB方程得到了最大化指数效用的鲁棒最优投资与再保险策略;最后通过数值示例展示了模型相关参数变动对最优投资与再保险策略的影响。研究表明:考虑模型参数的暧昧性及参与衍生品交易可以显著提高保险公司的效用水平。  相似文献   
2.
在“双碳”目标下,全国碳交易市场悄然上线,为使服装企业更好地应对碳交易,建立由原料供应商、制造商、零售商和回收商组成的服装闭环供应链模型,着重探讨了政府对再制造服装消费者补贴及制造商碳减排投资对服装行业发展、供应链成员利润及供应链碳排放总量的影响等。研究发现:随着碳交易价格的上涨,若无减排及无补贴,服装企业难以长久维系;仅制造商投资减排的情形有利于增加传统服装、再制造服装的需求及供应链成员的利润,但同时也会刺激碳排放;既减排又补贴时,再制造消费补贴可提升制造商的最优减排率,增强再制造服装的竞争优势,降低供应链的碳排放总量;本文研究可为碳交易下服装生产企业碳减排投资决策及政府的政策制定提供指导和参考。  相似文献   
3.
经济新常态下,我国建筑行业得到快速发展。对于建筑工程来说,为节约成本,在"限额设计"思想指导下,必须开展精细化管理,从而提高项目投资的控制能力。然而,在项目建设过程中对于"限额设计"措施的利用水平并不高,不利于企业的可持续发展。因此,本文在分析"限额设计"措施的基础上,提出对建设项目投资的控制对策,希望能够对相关施工管理人员提供借鉴。  相似文献   
4.
As nonrecourse project finance (rather than financing on a sovereign basis) is becoming more prevalent worldwide, financing institutions have to collaborate more closely with firms to optimize capacity‐investment and financing decisions. Under this background, this paper presents a stylized Stackelberg games model, taking into account the firm's capacity investment as well as the bank's interest rate and funding ratio decisions. Consortium structures between bank and firm are formalized into five modes based on industry practice, namely, the integrated consortium, pure shareholder funding, bank as leader, full coordination, and bank as follower. The optimality and equilibrium of each of the five modes are analytically derived, and their existence and uniqueness are demonstrated. Valuable economic insights are obtained through both modeling analysis and numerical experiments, with the main findings including the following: (i) a lack of bank financing leads to insufficient capacity investment and poor consortium performance; (ii) interest rate and funding ratio play important but different roles in the bank's risk management; (iii) the bank's proactivity in leading and coordinating the consortium is critical for the two parties’ overall performance; and (iv) if the bank is the follower, the firm's capacity decision is irrelevant to the bank's loan contract, and the consortium cannot be coordinated to the first‐best level of performance.  相似文献   
5.
Bottom pour ladles with stopper rod systems are commonly used in the metal casting industry. However, stopper rod bottom-pouring systems have not yet been developed for the lower thermal masses of alloys typically used in the investment casting industry. Large thermal masses used with bottom pour systems are typically limited for ladles larger than 700 kg and to certain alloys with higher fluidity and longer solidification time like cast iron, aluminum alloys etc. In this study, bottom pour ladle designs and low thermal mass refractory systems have been developed and evaluated in production investment foundry trials with 300 kg pouring ladle. The ladles system and pouring practices used will be described along with the results from the pouring trials for SS304 that represents typical alloys used in Investment casting industries. Optimization of the variables used in an experimentation using Genetic algorithm is also explained.  相似文献   
6.
An increase in the average herd size on Australian dairy farms has also increased the labor and animal management pressure on farmers, thus potentially encouraging the adoption of precision technologies for enhanced management control. A survey was undertaken in 2015 in Australia to identify the relationship between herd size, current precision technology adoption, and perception of the future of precision technologies. Additionally, differences between farmers and service providers in relation to perception of future precision technology adoption were also investigated. Responses from 199 dairy farmers, and 102 service providers, were collected between May and August 2015 via an anonymous Internet-based questionnaire. Of the 199 dairy farmer responses, 10.4% corresponded to farms that had fewer than 150 cows, 37.7% had 151 to 300 cows, 35.5% had 301 to 500 cows; 6.0% had 501 to 700 cows, and 10.4% had more than 701 cows. The results showed that farmers with more than 500 cows adopted between 2 and 5 times more specific precision technologies, such as automatic cup removers, automatic milk plant wash systems, electronic cow identification systems and herd management software, when compared with smaller farms. Only minor differences were detected in perception of the future of precision technologies between either herd size or farmers and service providers. In particular, service providers expected a higher adoption of automatic milking and walk over weighing systems than farmers. Currently, the adoption of precision technology has mostly been of the type that reduces labor needs; however, respondents indicated that by 2025 adoption of data capturing technology for monitoring farm system parameters would be increased.  相似文献   
7.
Project valuation, as a decision-making tool for initiating investments in projects, should be able to value project flexibilities and incorporate reasonable risk preferences of relevant decision makers. Real options valuation methods are the available approaches for valuing project flexibilities, whereas they have shortcomings in considering managers’ reasonable risk preferences in project decisions. Therefore, researchers have suggested approximating the perspective on risk of real options methods and practitioners in project management. This study proposes a fair real options valuation for project-based environments by a behavioral economic approach, which adopts binomial lattice method, Monte-Carlo simulation, and cumulative prospect theory. The results show that behavioral factors such as ‘risk attitude’ and ‘loss aversion’ should be accepted in project investment decisions while limited to an acceptable amount depending on the project conditions (e.g. uniqueness of decision-making scenarios). This research contributes to the project management domain by enhancing project investment decisions that include project flexibilities.  相似文献   
8.
随着电网建设规模增大,完善配电网建设改造方案,做好配电网投资,对保证优质的电力供应和地区经济社会发展具有重要的意义。针对大量可选改造措施,提出一种适用于配电网经济改造的投资效益评估和决策模型。首先,考虑分布式清洁能源、配电自动化等主动元素,从技术性能和经济效益两方面出发,建立了配电网技术经济评估指标体系。根据配电网改造项目的投资效益单体评估结果,结合信息熵和模糊分析法建立了改进的配电网投资效益综合评估方法和评估模型。在量化打分和综合排序基础上,以资金约束和性能约束为条件,建立了针对项目组合优选的配电网投资决策模型。通过算例验证了所提模型的有效性。研究结果对于指导未来配电网投资效益评估与投资决策发展有重要意义。  相似文献   
9.
In our quest to understand wine industries and their location and development worldwide, much emphasis has been given to key environmental, cultural and economic factors. The concept of terroir is used widely to describe, delimit and promote favoured wine regions. In this, we see constructions of rurality that tend to render invisible important connections between wine regions and urban places. However, many if not most wine regions owe much to their urban neighbours. Cities are sources of labour, capital and customers. Indeed, many wine regions are, in effect, metropolitan wine regions that owe as much to their proximity to cities than they do to any putative environmental distinctiveness and advantages. Wineries in such places develop strategies to survive and prosper not by producing bottles of wine that are widely sold on global markets – and compete on the basis on price or global reputation – but rather because they develop strong and loyal local markets tied to urban economies and because they appeal to the rural idylls held by urban consumers. This paper explores the way urban places have been critical in the development of certain wine regions in New Zealand.  相似文献   
10.
Cryptocurrencies have brought many innovations and discussions to economic life. Digital assets, which are very popular by investors, are frequently used for many purposes such as store of value, exchange, and speculation. It creates a research area that intentions cryptocurrency experts prioritize in crypto investments. In this paper, therefore, the fuzzy Full Consistency Method-Bonferroni (FUCOM-F’B) model is conducted to determine the priorities of drivers for investing in cryptocurrencies. The selected twenty-three drivers are classified based on five aspects, including functionality, financial, legal infrastructure, technology, and security. Based on the findings, “strong electronic encryption” and “use of digital signature” are the most significant drivers for preferring a cryptocurrency. A validation check is performed to verify the reliability, usefulness, and stability of the proposed approach. Further, the introduced approach allows taking the ambiguities and subjectivity into account which exist in the decision-making procedure. The suggested framework can be a helpful decision support tool for regulators, policymakers, practitioners, and cryptocurrency investors.  相似文献   
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