谈陶瓷装饰中的婴戏纹饰与西方艺术品中的儿童形象

婴戏纹饰即描绘儿童游戏时的画作,是中国人物画的一种,更是陶瓷装饰中常见的传统题材。其主要以儿童为主要绘画对象,表现儿童纯真,或借以其他物象,组成吉祥图案,在我国陶瓷绘画上广泛运用,有着深刻的社会形态特征和思想文化的背景。其始于唐代,兴盛于宋金,明清两朝日臻成熟,并延续至今。在西方艺术史当中,儿童形象大都通过神话人物或宗教相关的艺术品走进人们视野,用以表现某些宗教思想或精神诉求。本文主要探讨陶瓷婴戏纹饰在我国历史发展历程中的演变概况,以及笔者对我国陶瓷婴戏纹饰和西方艺术品中儿童形象横向对比下的一些思考。     

大庆长垣油田断层阴影地震正演模拟及校正方法

大庆长垣油田大断层下盘在地震剖面上普遍存在三角形的断层阴影区，其地震反射同相轴呈“上拉”或“下拉”、并伴随反射同相轴错断，导致利用地震资料进行断层、微幅度构造解释时存在陷阱。采用地震正演模拟技术，根据研究区实际地质情况建立了一系列二维地震正演模型，尝试定量分析断层阴影区地震反射特征。研究结果认为：断层两侧地层速度的横向变化是导致断层下盘断层阴影的根本原因，其中断层断距、低速层的存在等是长垣油田断层阴影区的主要影响因素；并进一步提出了密井网开发区利用三维空变速度场时深转换技术进行断层阴影校正的思路和方法，显著提高了大断层附近构造解释精度，为长垣油田更有效开发提供技术支撑。     

Benchmark experiment of large-angle scattering reaction cross section of iron at 14 MeV using two shadow bars – Comparison of experimental results with ENDF/B-VIII –

ABSTRACT

It is important to perform neutron transport simulations with accurate nuclear data in the neutronics design of a fusion reactor. However, absolute values of large-angle scattering cross sections vary among nuclear data libraries even for well-examined nuclide of iron. Benchmark experiments focusing on large-angle scattering cross sections were thus performed to confirm the correctness of nuclear data libraries. The series benchmark experiments were performed at a DT neutron source facility, OKTAVIAN of Osaka University, Japan, by the unique experimental system established by the authors’ group, which can extract only the contribution of large-angle scattering reactions. This system consists of two shadow bars, target plate (iron), and neutron detector (niobium). Two types of shadow bars were used and four irradiations were conducted for one experiment, so that contribution of room-return neutrons was effectively removed and only large-angle scattering neutrons were extracted from the measured four Nb reaction rates. The obtained experimental results were compared with calculations for five nuclear data libraries including JENDL-4.0, JEFF.-3.3, FENDL-3.1, ENDF/B- VII, and recently released ENDF/B-VIII. It was found from the comparison that ENDF/B-VIII showed the best result, though ENDF/B-VII showed overestimation and others are in large underestimation at 14 MeV.     

Study on maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic array in irregular shadow

Traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods can hardly find global maximum power point (MPP) because output characteristics curve of photovoltaic (PV) array may have multi local maximum power points in irregular shadow, and thus easily fall into the local maximum power point. To address this drawback, Considering that sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) control strategy have such advantages as simple structure, fast response and strong robustness, and P&O method have the advantages of simple principle and convenient implementation, so a new algorithm combining SMVS control method and P&O method is proposed, besides, PI controller is applied to reduce system chattering caused by switching sliding surface. It is applied to MPPT control of PV array in irregular shadow to solve the problem of multi-peak optimization in partial shadow. In order to verity the rationality of the proposed algorithm, the experimental circuit is built, which achieves MPPT control by means of the proposed algorithm and P&O method. The experimental results show that compared with the traditional P&O algorithm, the proposed algorithm can fast track the global MPP, tracking speed increases by 60% and the relative error decreased by 20%. Moreover, the system becomes more stable near the MPP, the fluctuations of output power is greatly reduced, and thus make full use of solar energy.     

陆海统筹背景下唐山市资源环境承载力综合评价

十八大以来,海洋产业在沿海地区发展中的作用日益显现,唐山市是一个非典型的沿海城市,海洋开发空间大,在陆海统筹背景下评价资源环境承载力对唐山市陆海统筹发展意义重大。本文以陆海统筹为背景,从资源、环境、社会经济三个角度构建唐山市资源环境承载力指标体系,利用层次分析法确定指标权重,定性、定量地评价唐山市及其沿海区县资源环境承载力。结果表明:2005～2016年唐山市资源环境承载力得分呈上升趋势,2016年得分75分约是2005年的2.6倍,得分年均增速达9.1%;5个沿海区县中,滦南县的承载力状况较优。根据评价结果,提出优化产业结构及提升海洋经济活力、打造沿海城市形象等建议,提升陆海统筹背景下唐山市资源环境承载力。     

黎凡特盆地油气地质特征与勘探方向

基于地质-地球物理资料和最新的油气勘探成果，应用石油地质综合研究方法和成藏组合快速分析技术，研究了黎凡特盆地的油气成藏特征，划分了成藏组合并分析了其成藏模式，探讨了盆地未来的勘探方向。盆地经历裂谷期、被动大陆边缘期、构造反转期3期构造演化。以中新统、上新统和中生界储层为核心，划分为3套成藏组合。中新统成藏组合最重要，渐新统-中新统生物成因气、古尼罗河大型水系盆底扇浊积砂岩优质储层、构造反转期形成的大型构造圈闭和墨西拿阶盐岩区域盖层的良好配置是油气富集的关键；上新统成藏组合表现为中小型海底峡谷水道浊积砂岩控藏，油气近源成藏；以白垩系碎屑岩及侏罗系生物礁潜在储层为核心，推测深水区发育中生界成藏组合。三者为未来重点勘探方向，深水区中新统和深层中生界是最有潜力的领域。      

矿区水资源可持续利用评价指标体系的研究——以唐山为例

水资源可持续利用是一个由水资源、社会经济和环境等子系统组成的复合系统，建立水资源可持续利用评价递阶结构多指标体系。由于评价指标众多，采用层次分析法确定各子系统相对水资源可持续利用总目标的权重，从而得到水资源可持续利用综合评价结果。最后以唐山市为例，进行了矿区水资源可持续利用评价指标体系分析，应用实例表明，该理论方法简洁、严谨，评价结果合理实用。     

唐山平原区主要地质灾害综合评价

应用模糊数学综合评价的方法,以唐山平原区主要地质灾害（地震、岩溶塌陷、采空塌陷、地面沉降）为评判因子,进行定量的危险性评价。评价结果表明：唐山市重度危险区占5%,较重危险区占13%,两者之和占18%;中度危险区占47.13%,轻度危险区占34.87%,两者之和占82%。这说明,从总体上看,唐山平原区大部分地区地质灾害的危险程度较低,但重度危险区大部分是人口密度大、工业密集的唐山市区,因此绝不能忽视地质灾害的危险性。     

唐山中西部地区地下水位动态特征分析

该文在唐山中西部地区水文地质调查基础上 ,分析了不同水文地质单元的地下水动态特征。从区域性地下水位动态变化趋势看 ,山间盆地和山前倾斜平原区地下水位略呈下降态势 ,年平均下降速率小于 0 4 5m a ,滨海平原区地下水位呈现较快下降趋势 ,年平均下降速率达1 15m a。地下水开采布局不合理和超量开采是水位下降的主要原因。