Street names in Dakar-Plateau: a colonial and post-colonial perspective

ABSTRACT

This article revolves around the naming of streets in Dakar-Plateau. This was borne in mind as analysis considered the system of urban nomenclature applied in the colonial era, when the city was founded and shaped by France’s colonial administration; as well as the (re)naming process ongoing after Senegal’s independence. The approach thus applied quantitative verification methods to a thesis oft-repeated in the subject literature, that a French glossary of toponyms dominates the system by which streets in Dakar are named. Quantitative analysis here shows unequivocally that there is only a slight numerical prevalence of colonial-era names of streets over new names. Beyond that, clear evidence is offered for the idea that, in both colonial days and today, the symbolic urban landscape expressed with the aid of urbanonyms was shaped by authorities in a conscious manner, being pressed into the service of political objectives. To indicate the strength of this kind of linkage, the article engages in the detailed discussion of each change of name that certain streets have been through; the bases for this approach being reference to the historical town/city plans present in the Archives Nationales du Sénégal, as well as fieldwork carried out in the Senegalese capital.     

赤砂糖回溶糖浆硫酸镁—聚硅酸锌法脱色工艺及其机理研究

以赤砂糖回溶糖浆为研究对象,研究了高pH条件下硫酸镁和两性含2%二氧化硅聚硅酸锌对回溶糖浆的脱色效果及机理。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析法对脱色条件进行优化,获得最佳条件为:镁离子用量500mg/L、含2%二氧化硅的聚硅酸锌用量1.57%、pH值11、温度30℃。该条件下脱色率高达92.36%。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电位分析仪对混凝物和糖汁体系进行了表征,结果表明脱色机理为电中和吸附。     

Decolonizing the Boundaries between the ‘Planner’ and the ‘Planned’: Implications of Indigenous Property Development

ABSTRACT

This paper examines Indigenous property development, drawing on research into the development of treaty settlement lands in Manitoba, Canada, and Canterbury, New Zealand. It highlights two contradicting ways of understanding this work: Indigenous peoples as self-determining, with authority to develop their own urban planning approaches, and Indigenous peoples as conventional property developers, subject to the same rules as any other private interest. This contradiction is used to expose a need for alternative, decolonial ways of understanding relationships between the ‘planner’ and the ‘planned’, grounded in the recognition of overlapping governance roles and responsibilities which Indigenous peoples are now (re)claiming in the urban environment.     

Colonization of periodically inundated interstitial habitats of an alluvial pond by invertebrates

The interstitial fauna of an alluvial pond on the floodplain of the Adour River, South-west France was sampled over a period of 13 months. The pond was connected to the adjacent river through phreatic flow and its water level varied in an annual cycle related to the level of the river. Monthly samples were taken from fixed points along five transects across the pond. The littoral zone was sampled between +20 and ?80 cm from the substrate surface. From the seasonal variations in the distribution and abundance of invertebrates, the dynamics of their colonization and decolonization cycles could be elucidated and related to the variations in the groundwater level. Eight different colonization/decolonization cycles were determined, each one being characterized by a ‘typical’ common species. These included both passive and active movements in response to the changes in water level. Many taxa were shown to have behavioural strategies which altered according to the stages of their life cycles. Most aquatic invertebrates were adapted to move into the most stable conditions at a given time of the year. Certain terrestial species were also shown to tolerate short periods of immersion.     

滨海适应性中的空间公平倡议

适应气候变化并非通过工程手段和技术修复即可解决的单纯技术问题，而是一个社会、文化和政治问题。作为一篇评论而非对具体研究发现的讨论，本研究的目的是制定一个议程，为气候变化和海平面上升（sea level rise，简称SLR）对城市三角洲区域的影响提供一种思考视角。这些区域面临一个“棘手问题”，即如何协调当代城市发展与生态系统的健康与重建。概括滨海适应性和空间公平交叉领域所面临的3种相互关联的挑战，包括：1）滨海栖息地的挤压；2）关键基础设施；3）撤退管理。最后，提出一个行动倡议，呼吁设计师从空间公平的角度着手解决这些紧迫的问题。     

利用白泥浸出液处理阴离子染料废水

以稀盐酸对碱性白泥进行酸浸,过滤得浸出液。研究白泥浸出液对水中阴离子染料活性嫩黄K-6G、酸性橙Ⅱ、直接黄R的去除效果。研究结果表明:白泥浸出液对活性嫩黄K-6G、酸性橙Ⅱ、直接黄R染料废水具有明显的脱色效果。在投加量为2g/L,pH值分别为12.50、12.00、12.00时,上述三种染料废水脱色率分别达93.5%、97.5%、99.8%,适宜的反应时间为90s。白泥浸出液碱性条件下产物对染料的吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,吸附过程为自发放热反应。     

恩德炉煤灰处理印染废水中的有色染料研究

用不同种类酸对恩德炉煤灰进行预处理,并用于对染料单体进行脱色,探讨了加酸量、搅拌时间、加恩德炉煤灰量和温度对脱色率的影响。结果表明,硝酸处理的脱色效果较好,处理100 mL印染废水最适宜条件为:0.5 g恩德炉煤灰在室温下搅拌40 min。     

两段式脱色对大豆油脱色的影响

对油脂脱色工序进行研究,采用两段式脱色方法,即先用再生白土进行预脱色,再生白土添加量为0.7%,除去其中大部分热敏性物质,热敏物质脱除率达到96%;再进行第二步脱色选出最佳脱色条件:白土添加量1.2%,脱色时间30min,搅拌速度250r/min,脱色温度100℃,此条件下得出的脱色油颜色稳定不易返色。     

脱墨浆漂白技术

结合脱墨浆的特性,总结了当代废纸脱墨浆漂白技术,介绍了各漂方法的原理、应用及其优缺点,及对脱墨纸浆残余油墨粒子的作用,并对各种漂白方法进行了比较。