超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定保健品中非法添加的降糖减脂和利尿类药物

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定保健品中非法添加的降糖减脂和利尿类药物的分析方法。方法样品用甲醇-水溶液(50:50,V:V)经超声提取,经C_(18)色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,2.6μm)分离,以0.1%(V/V)甲酸-10 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱。在正电喷雾离子(positiveelectrospray ionization,ESI~+)源采用多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式检测。结果 3类非法添加药物在1.0～50.0 ng/mL范围内(洛伐他汀羟酸钠盐为10～500 ng/mL)线性均良好,相关系数(r~2)均在0.99以上。3类非法添加的药物在0.1、0.5和1.0μg/g 3水平(洛伐他汀羟酸钠盐的加标量为1.0、5.0和10.0μg/g)下的加标回收率为77.15%～116.61%,相对标准标准偏差(relative standard deviations,RSDs)均未超过10.65%(n=6)。结论本方法简单、快速、可靠、灵敏度高,可满足保健品市场的监管和检验需求。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中20种食品添加剂

目的建立超高效液相色谱法同时检测饮料中的20种食品添加剂的分析方法。方法使用waters XBridge C18(5μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱,用0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(pH 4.8-5.0)和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在35℃柱温, 1.0 mL/min流速下,采用光电二极管阵列(photo-diode array, PDA)检测器在210、230 nm波长处进行检测,外标法定量, 15 min内可实现20种食品添加剂的分离。结果 20种添加剂均具有良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限0.3～10mg/kg,平均回收率为81.50%～110.20%,相对标准偏差小于5%(n=8)。结论该方法灵敏、准确,适用于饮料中20种添加剂的同时检测。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速测定混合型饲料添加剂中14种化学药物

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速测定混合型饲料添加剂中培氟沙星、氯霉素、沙丁胺醇、盐酸克伦特罗、氧氟沙星、恩诺沙星、诺氟沙星、氟苯尼考、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、甲硝唑、多西环素、金刚烷胺共14种化学药物的分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈-水(8:2, V:V)提取, 上清液离心后上样, 以0.1%(V:V)甲酸甲醇溶液和0.1%(V:V)甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱(负离子模式流动相为乙腈-水), C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离。分别采用正/负离子模式检测分析。结果 14种药物的质量数误差绝对值小于5 mDa, 在2.0~100.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数大于0.99。4个浓度水平的平均回收率为70.6%~119.80%, 相对标准偏差1.0%~12.4%。结论 该方法操作简便、结果准确, 适用于混合型饲料添加剂中非法添加药物的快速筛查分析。     

From utility disconnection to universal access

By some estimates, 31% of Americans face some sort of ‘energy insecurity,’ but the full extent of the issue and the magnitude of its effect are often difficult to quantify. This case study examines disconnection policies primarily in Minnesota and attempts to extrapolate lessons learned for other states and the nation as a whole. The case study concludes with a discussion about the relevance of U.S. universal access to the utility shut-off challenge.     

A review of root,tuber and banana crops in developing countries: past,present and future

For many of the developing world's poorest farmers and food-insecure people, roots, tubers, bananas and plantain crops (RTBs) serve as a critical source of food, nutrition and cash income. RTBs have been particularly important in areas where local agri-food systems are under stress. Under such circumstances, growers, processors and traders often see opportunities to improve food security or increase their incomes with those crops due to shifting tastes and preferences for food and non-food products. Since the early 1990s, cassava output surged in sub-Saharan Africa, while potato production expanded rapidly in Asia. RTBs are consumed by over three billion people in developing countries with a market value of US$ 339 billion. This paper analyses the major changes in production, utilisation and trade of RTBs over the last six decades, assesses estimates of their future trajectory and offers recommendations so that they might achieve their full potential.     

Economic growth through entrepreneurship: Determinants of self-employed income across regional economies

Knowledge of the determinants of self-employment income is critical to entrepreneurial development strategies if the development goal is to increase incomes not just employment. Using American Community Survey data, unconditional quantile regression is used to investigate differences in the relationship between entrepreneurial income and an array of individual, industry, and regional characteristics across the self-employment income distribution. Personal attributes, such as education, race, age, and gender, both explain differences in self-employment income and vary in importance across the income distribution. Regional agglomerative effects are significantly positive and stronger at the upper end of the self-employed income distribution.     

保健食品中非法添加药物事件及检测技术

近年来,向保健品中非法添加药物的现象时有发生。本研究针对不同保健食品的类别,梳理近年来发生的保健食品非法添加药物事件,对各类保健食品中常可能非法添加的药物及危害进行总结,并且对不同类别的保健食品中非法添加药物的检测技术进行归纳,分析技术的优缺点,为保健食品的市场监管提供参考。     

基于密度聚类与SVM的非法广播信号识别研究

针对非法广播信号的危害,以及传统人工检测效率低的问题,提出一种基于密度聚类与SVM的信号识别模型。首先,采用标准欧式距离对特征信号进行提取;其次,以聚类样本为基础,采用SVM分类器对信号分类;最后,以青海广播电视局中波台整点时刻前后300帧的数据为样本,以静音信号作为评价指标,对信号进行识别。结果表明,在正常信号中加入非法信号后,频谱中有少量的静音信号,且SVM训练时间和识别正确率都要优于传统算法。     

天然气储量价值评估模型

储量的资产评估和价值评价是矿业权流转、合作开发、上市评估及企业内部管理的必要步骤和前提。本文在成本法计算储量价值的基础上,首次提出了天然气的储量价值评估模型(超额收益综合模型)。模型以获得油气储量所需花费的社会平均勘探成本作为确定储量的基本价格,在社会平均勘探成本的基础上附加一定的平均利润和由于开采条件不同造成的级差价格,以此作为油气储量的价格。本文建立的天然气储量价值评估模型,在长庆油田和川西气田得到了实际的应用,初步印证了模型的先进性、实用性。     

华北平原地面沉降机理与特点及防治措施

华北平原是世界上超采地下水最严重的地区,也是地面沉降面积最大的地区。通过分析人为因素对华北平原地面沉降的影响,认为目前防治命题的着眼点在于优化开采方案和减少沉降灾害。在全面分析华北平原地面沉降机理与特点的基础上,对华北平原地面沉降防治提出了一套工作思路,并认为开源节流是解决地面沉降的最终措施。