首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   28661篇
  免费   2953篇
  国内免费   1898篇
电工技术   2213篇
综合类   3980篇
化学工业   4703篇
金属工艺   2208篇
机械仪表   1219篇
建筑科学   1492篇
矿业工程   834篇
能源动力   787篇
轻工业   1345篇
水利工程   489篇
石油天然气   2026篇
武器工业   207篇
无线电   2600篇
一般工业技术   3105篇
冶金工业   1412篇
原子能技术   261篇
自动化技术   4631篇
  2024年   20篇
  2023年   325篇
  2022年   552篇
  2021年   768篇
  2020年   777篇
  2019年   731篇
  2018年   594篇
  2017年   812篇
  2016年   831篇
  2015年   951篇
  2014年   1501篇
  2013年   1663篇
  2012年   2073篇
  2011年   2276篇
  2010年   1656篇
  2009年   1804篇
  2008年   1736篇
  2007年   2053篇
  2006年   1862篇
  2005年   1628篇
  2004年   1380篇
  2003年   1230篇
  2002年   1033篇
  2001年   837篇
  2000年   704篇
  1999年   613篇
  1998年   424篇
  1997年   414篇
  1996年   373篇
  1995年   363篇
  1994年   344篇
  1993年   229篇
  1992年   189篇
  1991年   169篇
  1990年   141篇
  1989年   112篇
  1988年   98篇
  1987年   48篇
  1986年   31篇
  1985年   35篇
  1984年   35篇
  1983年   25篇
  1982年   27篇
  1981年   10篇
  1980年   7篇
  1979年   11篇
  1977年   3篇
  1976年   3篇
  1965年   2篇
  1959年   3篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
对航天用紧固件TC4钛合金棒材进行固溶时效处理,对棒材不同位置进行显微组织观察、硬度和室温拉伸性能检测。结果表明:TC4钛合金棒材经固溶时效后表面至心部的组织与性能受冷却速度的影响呈现显著差异。固溶时效后的显微组织由稳定的等轴α相、弥散的马氏体α′相和亚稳定β相组成,试样端面上因冷却速度相差不大,次生α相的形态和含量没有明显差异;中部截面上边部至心部的次生α相含量逐渐增多,同时次生α相片层厚度逐渐增大并趋于等轴化。端面上不同位置显微硬度值没有明显差异,但中部截面上由边部至心部的显微硬度值呈总体降低趋势,且中部截面上边部的显微硬度值与端面相差不大。试样心部因固溶过程中冷却缓慢,整体试样的室温拉伸性能明显低于去除心部的试样。  相似文献   
2.
目的 提高缓蚀剂在酸溶液中的缓蚀性能.方法 构建含有2-巯基苯并噻唑(MBT)以及不同浓度Cl–的Fe表面溶液模型,并进行分子动力学计算.观察缓蚀剂分子在Fe表面的吸附构型,考察不同Cl–值下缓蚀剂膜的致密化行为.提取缓蚀剂分子的均方位移(MSD)曲线,评价缓蚀剂膜的稳定性.计算水分子的密度分布和扩散系数,考察不同Cl–值下MBT缓蚀剂膜的驱水能力和水分子的迁移能力.结果 当Cl–值从0增加到25时,MBT膜的厚度(0.42~1.51 nm)和致密度(占有面积0.33~1.31 nm2)增加,缓蚀剂分子的自扩散系数减小(从1.25×10–9 m2/s到接近0),水分子的吸附峰强度(相对密度为72.3~33.9 nm–3)和扩散系数(1.495×10–9~0.627×10–9 m2/s)降低.当Cl–值从25增加到36时,则出现了相反的趋势.结论 缓蚀剂分子与Cl–之间存在协同作用,适当浓度的KCl可以提高MBT缓蚀剂在H2SO4溶液中的缓蚀性能.Cl–值为25时,MBT缓蚀效率最高.  相似文献   
3.
一价和二价无机盐混合物溶液的分离在众多工业领域需求巨大,纳滤(NF)是新兴的一价/二价无机盐溶液分离方法,在经济性和可操作性上具有潜在优势。本文首先介绍了NF膜中离子跨膜传递机理的主流观点,分析了水合离子尺寸、膜结构、水合离子-水-膜相互作用以及进料液组成对离子跨膜传递过程的影响。接着介绍了高通量NF膜和高选择性NF膜的制备方法。并且概述了NF过程分离一价/二价无机盐溶液在资源开采、氯碱盐水脱硝、含盐废水处理、水软化和重金属离子去除领域的应用。分析了已有工作中存在的问题,并对该领域的发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   
4.
The strengthening method of multi-element M-site solid solution is a common approach to improve mechanical properties of MAX phase ceramic. However, the research on capability of multi-element A-site solid solution to improve mechanical properties has rarely been reported. Thereupon, quasi-high-entropy MAX phase ceramic bulks of Ti2(Al1?xAx)C and Ti3(Al1?xAx)C2 (A = Ga, In, Sn, x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) were successfully synthesized by in situ vacuum hot pressing via multi-elements solid solution. The multi-elements solid solution in single-atom thick A layer was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy mappings. Effects of doped multi-elements contents on the phase, microstructure, mechanical properties, and high temperature tribological behaviors were studied. Results demonstrated that the Vickers hardness, anisotropic flexural strength, fracture toughness, and tribological properties of Ti–Al–C based MAX ceramics could be remarkably improved by constitution of quasi-high-entropy MAX phase in A layers. Moreover, the strengthening and wear mechanisms were also discussed in detail. This method of multi-element solid solution at A-site provides new way to enhance mechanical properties of other MAX phase ceramics.  相似文献   
5.
The transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) was studied. The TLP bonding was performed using AWS BNi-2 interlayer at 1050 °C with the TLP bonding time of 20, 60, 180 and 240 min. The effect of bonding time on the joint microstructure was characterized by SEM and EDS. Microstructural results confirmed that complete isothermal solidification occurred approximately at 240 min of bonding time. For samples bonded at 20, 60 and 180 min, athermal solidification zone was formed in the bonding area which included Cr-rich boride and Mn3Si intermetallic compound. For all samples, the γ solid solution was formed in the isothermal solidification zone of the bonding zone. To evaluate the effect of TLP bonding time on mechanical properties of joints, the shear strength and micro-hardness of joints were measured. The results indicated a decrement of micro-hardness in the bonding zone and an increment of micro-hardness in the adjacent zone of joints. The minimum and maximum values of shear strength were 100 and 180 MPa for joints with the bonding time of 20 and 240 min, respectively.  相似文献   
6.
Bulk micromachining of single-crystal SiC has been challenging due to its extreme stability both mechanically and chemically. To address this issue, a novel tool-based electrolytic plasma etching method is proposed, with which micropatterns and micro-holes are fabricated in SiC in a hydrofluoric acid-free aqueous solution with no need for masks. The material removal is the result of the combined effects of electrolytic plasma chemistry and physics. The chemistry refers to the reaction of Si with hydroxyl radical to form various SiOx and with H to form silanes, and the reactions of C to form volatile carbon oxides or hydrocarbons, all of which are accomplished and enhanced under the electrolytic plasma atmosphere. Besides, the local high temperature of plasma thermally promotes the evaporation or dissolution of SiO2 in NaOH solution. The tool-based electrolytic plasma etching method provides alternative approaches for the fabrication of SiC-based MEMS and devices.  相似文献   
7.
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive hereditary neuromuscular disease. Exon 7 and 8 of survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene or only exon 7 homology deletion leads to the failure to produce a full-length SMN gene. The copy number of SMN2 gene with high homology of SMN1 affects the degree of disease and was the target gene for targeting therapy, in which splicing silencer in intron 7 was the key to suppress the inclusion of exon 7. In this study, we projected to use CRISPR/Case 9 for the targeted editing of intronic-splicing silencer (ISS) sequence to promote the inclusion of SMN2 exon 7 and increase the production of SMN2 full-length (FL) gene expression. It happens that there was a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) at one end of the ISS sequence according to the design of sgRNA. The recombinant vector of sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case 9 was constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Sequencing results showed that the ISS sequence could be edited accurately and targeting in the predicted direction, in which deleting small fragments, inserting small amounts and mutation. Quantitative analysis of RT-PCR products by restriction enzyme of DdeI digestion showed that the FL of SMN2 increased by 8% (P < 0.05). In the primary cultured chondrocytes of SMA mice, in which sgRNA HSMN2 CRISPR/Case9 recombinant vector transfection could increase the SMN2 FL gene by 23% (P < 0.05) and significantly improve SMN protein levels (P < 0.05). CRISPR/Case 9 is an effective tool for gene editing and therapy of hereditary diseases, but it is rarely reported in the treatment of SMA diseases. This study shows that CRISPR/Case 9 was first used for the precision target of ISS sequence editing, which can effectively promote the production of SMN2 FL gene expressions, in which there was an important clinical reference value.  相似文献   
8.
The substantial increase in DNA sequencing efforts has led to a rapid expansion of available sequences in glycoside hydrolase families. The ever-increasing sequence space presents considerable opportunities for the search for enzymes with novel functionalities. In this work, the sequence-function space of glycoside hydrolase family 94 (GH94) was explored in detail, using a combined approach of phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarity networks. The identification and experimental screening of unknown clusters led to the discovery of an enzyme from the soil bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa that acts as a 4-O-β-d -glucosyl-d -galactose phosphorylase (GGalP), a specificity that has not been reported to date. Detailed characterization of GGalP revealed that its kinetic parameters were consistent with those of other known phosphorylases. Furthermore, the enzyme could be used for production of the rare disaccharides 4-O-β-d -glucosyl-d -galactose and 4-O-β-d -glucosyl-l -arabinose. Our current work highlights the power of rational sequence space exploration in the search for novel enzyme specificities, as well as the potential of phosphorylases for rare disaccharide synthesis.  相似文献   
9.
为了探讨氮含量及固溶温度对21-6-9不锈钢组织和硬度的影响,分别在950、1000、1050和1100 ℃对3种不同氮含量的热轧态21-6-9不锈钢进行1 h固溶处理,通过光学显微镜观察其组织结构,结合Thermo-Calc热力学计算对试验钢的微观组织进行分析,并对其进行硬度测试。结果表明,0.20%~0.28%N的21-6-9不锈钢热轧后沿轧制方向析出铁素体,且钢中铁素体经950~1100 ℃固溶处理可消除,当N含量达到0.34%时,试验钢中不再出现铁素体。随着固溶处理温度的升高,21-6-9不锈钢的晶粒组织长大,硬度降低。N含量的增加可显著提高固溶态21-6-9不锈钢的硬度,其增加程度随固溶处理温度的升高而减弱。  相似文献   
10.
The main reason why peritoneal dialysis (PD) still has limited use in the management of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) lies in the fact that the currently used glucose-based PD solutions are not completely biocompatible and determine, over time, the degeneration of the peritoneal membrane (PM) and consequent loss of ultrafiltration (UF). Here we evaluated the biocompatibility of a novel formulation of dialytic solutions, in which a substantial amount of glucose is replaced by two osmometabolic agents, xylitol and l-carnitine. The effect of this novel formulation on cell viability, the integrity of the mesothelial barrier and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated on human mesothelial cells grown on cell culture inserts and exposed to the PD solution only at the apical side, mimicking the condition of a PD dwell. The results were compared to those obtained after exposure to a panel of dialytic solutions commonly used in clinical practice. We report here compelling evidence that this novel formulation shows better performance in terms of higher cell viability, better preservation of the integrity of the mesothelial layer and reduced release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This new formulation could represent a step forward towards obtaining PD solutions with high biocompatibility.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号