Synthesis of a novel char-forming agent (PEIC): Improvement in flame retardancy,thermal stability,and smoke suppression for intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene composites

A novel char-forming agent named PEIC was designed and synthesized combining pentaerythritol octahydrogen tetraphosphate (PEPA) and tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate. PEIC was combined with the silica-gel-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (OS-MCAPP), preparing intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. The results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) show that the composite containing 30 wt % IFR with OS-MCAPP:PEIC = 2:1 presents the optimal LOI of 32.7%. Meanwhile, the cone calorimeter tests show that its peak heat release rate is 432 kW m⁻², which decreases by 62.1% compared with that of pure PP, showing a high-efficient flame retardancy. The exhibited UL-94 V-0 rating for all the composites indicates that the IFR composed of PEIC and OS-MCAPP has high-efficient flame retardancy in PP. The analysis of residue char reveals that PEIC could improve the quality of char in compactness, intumescentia, and the degree of graphitization. Further, the effect of IFR on the mechanical properties of PP composites was also evaluated and discussed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48296.     

RDP对SEBS/IFR共混体系性能的影响

向苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)/膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)共混体系中加入间苯二酚双(二苯基)磷酸酯(RDP),通过扫描电镜、热失重分析仪和万能材料试验机等研究了RDP对SEBS/IFR共混体系相容性以及阻燃效率与力学性能的影响.当加入2％的RDP时,由于体系可能产生弱氢键,拉伸强度由6.665 MPa提高至6.773 MPa,但随着RDP含量的增加,体系的拉伸强度会明显下降,这主要由于RDP对于体系中SEBS的增塑作用.高压毛细管测试结果表明,当RDP含量大于6％时,体系黏度下降十分明显,利于体系加工流动性.随着RDP的加入,SEBS/IFR共混体系的热分解温度由最初的239℃提高至255℃并且趋于稳定,残炭率由13.28％提高至19.89％.扫描电镜测试结果显示,RDP可以通过“包覆”阻燃剂颗粒提高SEBS/IFR共混体系的相容性.     

Using a modified CINDER90 routine in MCNPX 2.6.0 for the prediction of helium production in minor actinide targets

Fast reactors containing heterogeneous minor actinide (MA) target rods are now being modeled. When studying transmutation in these rods, helium production from α-decay must be considered since it is produced in substantial quantities. This research utilized an innovative method to calculate gas production by modifying the CINDER90 depletion code used by MCNPX 2.6.0 to include helium production from α-decay. The modified CINDER90 code was verified using the ORIGEN-ARP module of SCALE6. It was tested using the Sodium-Cooled Heterogeneous Innovative Burner Reactor model created at the University of South Carolina. It is recommended that the modified version of the cinder.dat file be distributed in subsequent MCNPX 2.6.0 releases for use in fast reactor calculations using heterogeneous MA target rods since it includes helium production otherwise not available from the current version.     

表面包覆的多金属氧酸盐在膨胀阻燃电缆材料中的抑烟作用

利用硅烷偶联剂对一种Keggin型多金属氧酸盐(十二钼磷酸盐)进行表面包覆处理,然后与膨胀阻燃(IFR)电缆材料共混制备出一种低烟阻燃复合材料,研究了表面包覆的多金属氧酸盐在该复合材料中的抑烟作用,以及对材料性能的影响。结果表明:多金属氧酸盐的引入可以一定程度上抑制材料在燃烧过程中的烟气释放,其中,添加了0.8%-3.0%包覆处理的多金属氧酸盐的IFR电缆材料,其烟密度可以降低15%;另外,该多金属氧酸盐基抑烟剂对IFR电缆材料的力学性能、阻燃性能及电性能等的影响很小。     

自动语音服务系统的开发及应用

针对人工服务不足,服务手段单一的现状,菏泽供电公司开发了IVR自动语音服务系统.系统与原有人工客户服务系统、电力营销系统无缝集成,实现了自动信息查询服务、传真服务、主动外拨服务等功能,使客户服务功能更加齐全.详细介绍了系统的设计方案、运行环境、功能特点及系统的实施效果.系统的建设为供电部门拓展客户服务形式,提高客户服务质量及工作效率,赢得市场提供了有效途径.     

膨胀型阻燃剂在阻燃聚丙烯中的应用

简述了阻燃聚丙烯的发展概况,重点阐述了膨胀型阻燃剂的阻燃机理及其在阻燃聚丙烯中的应用现状,叙述了一些典型的膨胀阻燃体系及特点,并概述了膨胀型阻燃剂的发展方向。     

SiO2和Al2O3对PP/APP/PER膨胀阻燃体系的协同作用

聚丙烯／聚磷酸铵／季戊四醇(PP／APP／PER)是一典型的无卤膨胀体系,文中结合氧指数(LOI)及热失重分析(TGA)实验配合锥形量热仪(CONE)研究了SiO2和Al2O3对该膨胀体系阻燃、抑烟的协同作用。与文献[1]的比较表明,不具有分子筛笼形结构的SiO2或Al2O3同样也具有促进PP／APP／PER体系凝缩相快速成灰、稳定炭层、降低热释放及烟释放的作用;说明硅铝酸盐的物理结构不是影响膨胀阻燃协同作用的主要因素。     

Synergistic Effects of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphates VSB-1 on an Intumescent Flame-Retardant Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) System

Nanoporous nickel phosphates VSB-1 was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and its structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The flame retardancy and thermal behaviour of intumescent flame retardants (IFR) with and without VSB-1 for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were evaluated by LOI, UL-94 burning test, TGA and cone calorimeter test. With the addition of 2 wt% VSB-1 to LDPE/IFR systems, the LOI value increases from 28.7 to 31, and UL-94 rating raises from V-1 rating to V-0 rating. The results of cone calorimeter show that heat release rate (HRR) peak decrease substantially from 511 KW/m² to 407 KW/m² with 2 wt% VSB-1 in LDPE/IFR systems. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates the quality of char forming of LDPE/IFR/ VSB-1 is superior to that of LDPE/IFR.     

EPDM/PP/IFR/Nano-ZnO阻燃复合材料的制备及其性能研究

将纳米氧化锌(nano-ZnO)作为协效改性剂与膨胀阻燃剂(IFR)复配,制成IFR/nano-ZnO复合阻燃剂,并将其用于三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯(EPDM/PP)复合材料的阻燃。研究了nano-ZnO用量对该EPDM/PP/IFR/nano-ZnO阻燃复合材料的阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:EPDM/PP/IFR/nano-ZnO阻燃复合材料具有优良的阻燃性能,且材料的力学性能明显改善;另外,当nano-ZnO用量为2%时,该阻燃复合材料的综合性能最佳。     

新型膨胀型阻燃剂阻燃聚丙烯的研究

以五氧化二磷、磷酸、季戊四醇和三聚氰胺为原料,合成了一种新型的膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）并和聚磷酸铵（APP）聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复配对聚丙烯（PP）进行阻燃,用热重法（TG）对阻燃PP的热性能进行了研究,利用氧指数仪测定了阻燃PP的极限氧指数（LO I）值,用垂直燃烧法测试了其燃烧等级,当阻燃剂含量为24%时,LO I值为30.9%。用锥形量热仪对阻燃PP的燃烧性能进行了分析,并用扫描电镜（SEM）对阻燃聚丙烯（FR-PP）的残炭结构进行了研究,结果表明,该复配阻燃剂能够促进PP的成炭性,具有优良的阻燃PP性能。