基于OTN技术的大颗粒业务大连接承载模式研究

近年，各类专线业务的“大带宽、低时延、快响应”诉求愈加明显，对传送网的承载能力提出更高的要求，特别是其中N*10G 业务需求规模逐年增加， 有必要研究一套标准化的承载模式来满足业务接入的需求，以实现对业务连接的网络承载模式标准化、快速化、智能化。     

Economic geology value of oil shale deposits: Ethiopia (Tigray) and Jordan

Oil shale is an organic-rich, fine-grained sedimentary rock, containing kerogen, from which liquid hydrocarbons (called shale oil) can be produced. The oil shale deposits in the Tigray region are found in the northern parts of Ethiopia, Eastern Africa. They are of Upper Paleozoic in age, existing as remnants of the Cretaceous erosion period, underlain by tillites and overlain by sandstones. They were formed during the glacial retreat followed by marine deposition of shales in a basin created by the enormous load of the glaciers. The Ethiopian-Tigray oil shale deposits cover an area extending over approximately 30 km², with an average mineable bed-thickness of 55 m, showing on the upper part inter-beds and laminations of shaley limestones. The oil shale resources in this region are estimated to be approximately 4 billion tonnes. The exploitation of the Ethiopian-Tigray oil shale deposits is an excellent alternative to fulfill the fuel and other petroleum products’ demand of Ethiopia. This study sheds light on the oil shale resources in the Ethiopian region of Tigray, as they are fairly investigated, regarding their geological characterization, and future strategies for their exploration and exploitation potential. In addition, the oil shale deposits in Jordan are also moderately investigated, as Jordan is considered a promising country for shale oil, taking into account that Jordan has no other hydrocarbon resources (such as crude oil and natural gas), unlike many other countries in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, as MENA sets on “seas” of oil and natural gas. Furthermore, oil shale in the USA is also briefly investigated, as the USA is being the world’s largest country of oil shale resources and reserves. Also, some other issues related to the oil shale industry are investigated, such as economics, extraction technologies of shale oil, and the environmental impacts.     

Exploring the feasibility of green hydrogen production using excess energy from a country-scale 100% solar-wind renewable energy system

When planning large-scale 100% renewable energy systems (RES) for the year 2050, the system capacity is usually oversized for better supply-demand matching of electrical energy since solar and wind resources are highly intermittent. This causes excessive excess energy that is typically dissipated, curtailed, or sold directly. The public literature shows a lack of studies on the feasibility of using this excess for country-scale co-generation. This study presents the first investigation of utilizing this excess to generate green hydrogen gas. The concept is demonstrated for Jordan using three solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, and hybrid PV-wind RESs, all equipped with Lithium-Ion battery energy storage systems (ESSs), for hydrogen production using a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) system. The results show that the PV-based system has the highest demand-supply fraction (>99%). However, the wind-based system is more favorable economically, with installed RES, ESS, and PEM capacities of only 23.88 GW, 2542 GWh, and 20.66 GW. It also shows the highest hydrogen annual production rate (172.1 × 10³ tons) and the lowest hydrogen cost (1.082 USD/kg). The three systems were a better option than selling excess energy directly, where they ensure annual incomes up to 2.68 billion USD while having payback periods of as low as 1.78 years. Furthermore, the hydrogen cost does not exceed 2.03 USD/kg, which is significantly lower than the expected cost of hydrogen (3 USD/kg) produced using energy from fossil fuel-based systems in 2050.     

关于供暖计量收费的若干问题探讨

本文提出了目前供暖计量收费存在的若干问题,并就这些问题阐述了作者的一些看法,认为目前实施计量收费还需要做很多工作。     

关于冷媒变流量多联机空调系统设计的探讨

本文根据多联机空调系统的特性,分析了配管长度对多联机空调系统制冷量和能效比的影响,提出了合理使用多联机,提高空调系统制冷量和能效比的建议。     

ASSESSMENT OF THE APPLICATION OF TREATED WASTEWATER AND SEWAGE SLUDGE IN PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY FROM NORTHERN JORDAN

With the rapid expansion of development in Jordan, more water resources are being consumed and, consequently, incremental quantities of wastewater and sewage sludge are being generated from wastewater treatment plants. These quantities will end up in streams, open ponds or one of the other environmental media, which can cause adverse impacts on human health and the environment. In the mean while, a country like Jordan faces a remarkable shortage of fresh water resources and poor soil. The best way to mitigate the adverse impacts and compensate the water budget and enrich the poor soil is through the proper utilization and management of treated wastewater and sewage sludge in the agricultural sector. One of the main obstacles to this is public rejection of this solution, largely due to lack of information.
The purpose of this paper was to examine the acceptability to the Jordanian farmers of the utilization of reclaimed wastewater and treated sewage sludge in their irrigation activities. The scope of this study considered two potential areas at the northern part of the country, where a representative sample of local farmers were interviewed. The results were very encouraging and positive signs of acceptability were shown at all levels. These results were analyzed and documented and the recommendations are developed at the end of this paper.     

局部路径规划在无人工程机械作业中的应用

为实现无人工程机械在自主作业过程中自主行驶和自主避障的目的,设计一种适用于无人工程机械自主作业的局部路径规划方法。利用环境感知系统采集环境数据,分析处理后得到环境栅格地图,并根据无人工程机械尺寸对障碍物进行膨胀处理,应用D*算法搜索出一条代价最小的无碰撞安全行驶路径。实验结果表明：该方法能根据周围环境实时规划无人工程机械行驶路径,满足复杂地形环境的路径规划要求。     

基于人群密度的最优路径规划算法研究

在众多路径规划算法中,A^*算法是一种典型的最短路径规划算法,但是该算法的应用环境较为局限。为此综合复杂环境中人群密度的因素,以时间最短为准则,将最短距离路径规划问题优化为最短时间路径规划。最优路径规划算法在A^*算法的基础上,引入不同人群密度环境下的行人速度模型,将A^*算法中基于距离的评估函数改变为基于时间的评估函数。实验通过标准网格地图对144种情况进行了模拟,结果表明,相较于传统A^*算法,最优路径规划算法优先选择从周围低人群密度区域绕行到达终点,规划路径在距离上可能更长,但是花费的时间更短。