基于联系数的安徽省水资源承载力评价及空间差异诊断分析

为定量评价安徽省水资源承载力的整体状况,诊断分析导致水资源承载力空间差异的主要因素,采用集对分析理论中的联系数方法诊断评价安徽省水资源承载现状,并利用减法集对势识别导致水资源承载力空间差异的主要因素。结果表明,安徽省江南地区水资源承载力最好,皖中地区次之,淮北地区的水资源承载力最差;从子系统层面分析,江南地区水资源承载支撑力子系统最好,皖中地区次之,淮北地区最差,但淮北地区水资源承载压力最小;从指标层面诊断分析,人均水资源量是导致安徽省各市水资源承载状况存在空间差异的最主要因素。研究成果可为安徽省水资源合理配置与调控提供技术支持。     

基于信息熵—集对分析的煤矿隐患排查治理风险评估模型

以煤矿安全隐患排查治理风险为研究对象，分析隐患排查闭环管理全过程，并基于此建立了隐患排查治理能力纵向评估指标体系，融合熵值法和集对分析理论，建立了煤矿安全隐患排查治理风险纵向评估模型，为企业更好地了解自身隐患排查治理能力及变化发展趋势提供参考，最后进行了实例分析。     

类富勒烯碳薄膜的结构演变及摩擦学性能研究

通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术,以不同沉积时间在硅表面上制备类富勒烯碳薄膜,探究类富勒烯碳薄膜结构演变和摩擦学性能随沉积时间变化规律。利用拉曼光谱和透射电子显微镜,考察类富勒烯碳薄膜微结构和表面形貌随沉积时间的变化。结果表明:碳薄膜内类富勒烯结构含量随沉积时间先增加后保持不变;采用沉积时间为3 h的类富勒烯碳薄膜组成摩擦配伍对,当载荷从8 N增加到14 N时,摩擦因数从0.013降至0.006,即随载荷的增加实现了由低摩擦向超滑的转变。这是因为摩擦诱使类富勒烯碳薄膜发生结构转变,并形成有利于减少摩擦的类球状或外部石墨壳层闭合的纳米颗粒。     

湿式摩擦副滑摩过程温度场分析及实验验证

湿式摩擦副滑摩过程温度场与应力场相互耦合作用,温度场分布受到多种因素影响,其中压力、旋转速度、润滑流量作为湿式摩擦副工作参数对其温度场的影响尤为显著。在理论分析基础上,采用有限元数值模拟分析与实验研究相结合的方法,对摩擦界面温度场时空分布特性进行研究,同时研究界面温度场在摩擦副工作压力、相对转速和润滑流量作用下的变化规律。研究表明:在对偶钢片和摩擦片近外径侧更易出现高温和应力集中区,且对偶钢片相对于摩擦片更易出现温度和应力分布不均匀情况;温度场中高温集中区与应力场中应力集中区相对应,最大温度随着压力增加、相对转速增大、润滑流量减少而显著上升,该结果得到试验结果的验证。     

液黏传动摩擦副流固耦合传热分析

为探求液黏传动在充满工作油的流体阶段摩擦副温度分布情况,建立薄盘结构摩擦副热流固耦合模型,采用计算机流体仿真软件FLUENT对径向槽摩擦副进行数值模拟,得到摩擦副的温度云图。通过搭建液黏传动装置试验台,测得径向油槽摩擦副间油膜温度分布数据。结果表明:在径向方向上,随半径的增加,摩擦副温度逐渐增加且沟槽处温度低于无沟槽处;在圆周方向上,相同半径处摩擦副的沟槽区比无沟槽区温度高,表明沟槽可以有效地降低工作油的升温;在纯油膜阶段摩擦片升温明显高于对偶片升温。有限元分析和实验研究结果趋势基本一致,验证了理论分析的可靠性。     

A tool for the automatic generation and analysis of regular analog layout modules

This paper describes the characteristics of a new CAD tool that enables the creation of layout libraries of selected analog modules. This Analog Modules Generator (AMG) automatically creates multiple layout versions of two commonly used analog structures: the differential pair and arrays of series-connected or stacked devices, for the subsequent generation of layout libraries. Based on the number of devices and rows defined by the user for the layout implementation, the tool validates all possible implementations, which are later saved in a database. Additionally, an extraction process can be optionally executed over all the layout views saved in the database. The AMG generates several reports with all the characteristics of the implemented layouts, including area and parasitic components, facilitating further statistical processing. We describe the features and capabilities of the proposed AMG tool, and several test cases are presented. Results show that suitable layout implementations can be achieved by layout and circuit designers in a very reduced amount of time.     

水资源系统分析中模糊隶属度与集对联系数的不确定性特征辨析

为探究模糊隶属度与集对联系数两种理论间的内在联系,分析了二者在概念、理论和适用性的异同,利用集对理论构造联系数模型与模糊数学思想构造隶属度函数,分别评价了黑龙江省水资源承载力现状。结果表明,集对理论与模糊数学理论在水资源系统分析中均有良好的效果。由于模糊性是排中率的破缺,模糊数学在不确定性的现状评价中更有优势;集对联系数可视为模糊隶属度的区间表达,可对评价对象进行简单分级,并能动态评价研究对象。     

间隙配合变轨距轮对与轨道间瞬态滚滑接触模拟研究

变轨距技术是实现不同轨距铁路联运的重要手段，我国相关研究仍在起步阶段。基于显式有限元法，建立包含渐开线花键副的三维变轨距轮对-轨道耦合瞬态分析模型，于时域内模拟速度高至400 km/h下的瞬态轮轨滚滑和花键间动态接触行为及其相互影响。模型充分考虑轮轨和花键副三维几何、系统高频结构振动等，引入时变牵引/制动转矩，采用集成库仑摩擦定律的"面-面"接触算法求解轮轨接触和花键接触。假设圆柱直齿渐开线花键，齿数取32，齿侧间隙恒0.1 mm，无激励下模拟结果表明，花键副的存在使得轮轨力波动范围大于传统轮对，例如，400 km/h下法向轮轨力波动幅值增加静载的3.7%。时速400 km/h和牵引系数0.05下，内外花键的径向和角向偏置使得花键左、右两侧各存在1个位置相对固定的承载区，各涉及5~6个键齿，承载面分别为II和I键齿工作面。瞬态法、切向接触应力极值发生在靠近一系悬挂侧的齿根或齿顶部，典型值分别为102 MPa和4.6 MPa，任一键齿的应力极值因不断有键齿进出承载区而波动上升和下降。牵引系数0.3时，左侧承载区消失，右侧承载区扩至18个键齿，相同时刻下的法、切向接触应力极值因承载齿数和总接触面积增加变为89 MPa和5.2 MPa。为变轨距机构中花键的强度和动力学分析及相关设计提供精确模拟手段。     

柱塞副微观表面对间隙油膜压力的影响

根据分形理论中的W-M函数建立柱塞与缸体孔表面三维形貌数学模型,并利用MATLAB软件编写程序,分析分形维数对表面微观形貌的影响。将柱塞副间隙油膜沿轴向展成平面,建立油膜厚度及压力分布计算模型,采用有限体积法求解二维雷诺方程,分析粗糙度对柱塞副间隙油膜压力分布的影响。结果表明:随着分形维数的增加,柱塞表面粗糙度呈增加趋势,且表面粗糙度越大,压力峰值越大。     

Determination of atomistic deformation of tricalcium silicate paste with high-volume fly ash

We examined the effect of incorporating high-volume fly ash on the atomic arrangement and interatomic deformation behavior of calcium silicate hydrates in tricalcium silicate paste upon exposure to external forces. The interatomic structural changes and strains under compressive load were assessed using synchrotron in situ high-energy X-ray scattering-based atomic pair distribution function analysis. Three different types of strains, which were (a) macroscopic strains from gauges on the surfaces of specimen, (b) strains in a reciprocal space (Bragg peak shift), and (c) strains in real space (PDF peak shift), were compared to each other. All monitored and calculated strains for tricalcium silicate-fly ash (50 wt% fly ash) paste were compared with the counterparts of the pure tricalcium silicate paste. Pair distribution function analysis in the range of r < 10 Å indicated that the atomic arrangement of tricalcium silicate-fly ash was similar to that of synthetic calcium silicate hydrates followed by that of pure tricalcium silicate paste. Moreover, the pair distribution function refinement results revealed that the calcium silicate hydrate structure in tricalcium silicate-fly ash paste was similar to tobermorite 11 Å, unlike that in pure tricalcium silicate paste. The interatomic strain of tricalcium silicate-fly ash in the real space (r < 20 Å) was smaller than that of tricalcium silicate under compression, which suggested that the incompressibility of calcium silicate hydrates at atomistic scale was enhanced by the incorporation of fly ash into it. This was likely to be caused by the increased silicate polymerization of calcium silicate hydrates, which was attributed to the increase in the amount of silicate in their structure via the addition of fly ash.