Meso-structure construction and effective modulus simulation of PBXs

ABSTRACT

The polymer-bonded explosive (PBX) is a kind of multi-phase composite consisting of the polymeric binder and embedded energetic particles, in which the particle volume fraction (PVF) is often higher than 90%. In the present work, by using the Voronoi-polygon generation method along with the concept of gradation to generate Voronoi particles with given gradation, and with further operations including modification, shrinking, smoothing, etc. to the particles, a new meso-structure construction method for PBXs is proposed. The constructed meso-structures possess good gradation relationship and have high PVFs (94.99% in maximum) simultaneously. The strict periodicity on the boundaries of the meso-structure can also be achieved. To verify the constructed PBX meso-structures, the numerical manifold method (NMM) is used to simulate the effective modulus of the constructed meso-structures by considering different influencing factors such as the size of meso-structure, PVF, gradation, and initial defects, etc. The simulation results are analyzed qualitatively, and the causes of differences between the simulation results and available experimental results or other numerical results are discussed. The validity of the proposed method for the construction of PBX meso-structures is verified. This work also provides foundations for the further numerical studies of the mechanical and thermal behaviors of PBXs at the mesoscale.     

深水水下管汇的结构设计概述

以南海某油气田的深水水下管汇为例,结合管汇的功能需求、结构组成、结构计算等,对深水水下管汇的结构设计进行了概述。     

基于流场分析的Y型对接式压裂管汇布局研究

为提高压裂管汇的使用寿命,在传统的直角对接式布局基础上,设计了一种Y型对接式压裂管汇撬。运用Eulerian-Lagrangian方法与流体分析软件,分析获得不同结构参数下Y型对接式压裂管汇的流场压力、流场速度、冲蚀分布规律,并对Y型对接式布局进行优化。研究表明,随着对接角的增大,Y型对接式压裂管汇的流场压力、速度分布越不稳定,最大冲蚀速率随之减少,平均冲蚀速率随之增大; 在对接四通拐角处设置过渡倒圆后,随着倒圆半径的增大,最大冲蚀速率及平均冲蚀速率随之减小; 在对接角45°、倒圆半径20 mm时,最大冲蚀速率减小37.6%,平均冲蚀速率减少49.7%; Y型对接式压裂管汇的冲蚀速率比直角对接式结构有显著减小,提高管汇使用寿命。     

基于流形学习的光学遥感图像分类

随着光学遥感图像技术的快速发展与广泛应用,对光学遥感图像的准确分类具有深远的研究意义。传统特征提取方式提取的高维特征中夹杂着许多冗余信息,分类过程可能导致过拟合现象,针对传统的线性降维算法不足以保持原始数据的内部结构,容易造成数据失真这一问题,提出基于流形学习的光学遥感图像分类算法。该算法首先提取出图像的SIFT特征,然后将流形学习运用于特征降维,最后结合支持向量机进行训练和识别。实验结果表明,在Satellite、NWPU和UCMerced实验数据中,冰川、建筑群和海滩分类精度得到了有效提高,达到85%左右;针对沙漠、岩石、水域等特殊环境遥感图像,分类精度提高了10%左右。总而言之,基于流形学习的分类算法对通过降维之后的数据能够保持在原高维空间中的拓扑结构,相似特征点能得到有效聚合,预防了"维数灾难",减少了计算量,保证了分类精度。     

基于CFD模拟的某低速柴油机排气集管结构优化设计

为判断某低速柴油机排气集管设计的合理性,对该排气集管的内部流场进行了 CFD分析.分析表明:原始排气集管结构设计存在问题.对此进行了优化改进.优化前后的CFD对比分析表明:优化后排气集管内部流道得到改善,内截面速度均匀性提高,压力损失减小,排气集管整体性能得到明显提高.     

轿车进气歧管成型工艺与成套注塑模具设计

以发动机进气歧管为例,在详细分析组成进气歧管的底壳和面盖结构、注塑成型材料及各塑件壁厚,运用MFI 2015分别对底壳和面盖最佳浇口位置进行了仿真分析。针对底壳和面盖质量不同、壁厚不同、成套生产而各个制品的壁厚必须均匀、有隔离凸台和众多加强筋等特点,确定本注塑模具采用三浇口+热流道+冷流道组成的混合式浇注系统方案;运用MFI对影响产品品质的充填时间、速度/压力切换时的压力、模流末端压力、流动前沿温度、锁模力、气穴、熔接线、缩痕等进行了详细分析与探讨;运用UG软件对模具型腔、型芯,底壳上方形管口A的成型,顶出与加强支承结构、模具整体等进行了分析设计。创造性地使用了由导柱导套+圆锥定位+方形块定位+楔紧镶块+厚薄调整垫组成的"五位一体"精度保证与保持系统,同时也使用了厚度调整垫,保证了型腔型芯的组合和开合模的精准。经生产证明:模具结构合理、动作可靠、产品成型完整、质量达到设计要求。     

Numerical investigation of pressure drop characteristics of gas channels and U and Z type manifolds of a PEM fuel cell stack

Fluid flow manifold plays a significant role in the performance of a fuel cell stack because it affects the pressure drop, reactants distribution uniformity and flow losses, significantly. In this study, the flow distribution and the pressure drop in the gas channels including the inlet and outlet manifolds, with U- and Z-type arrangements, of a 10-cell PEM fuel cell stack are analyzed at anode and cathode sides and the effects of inlet reactant stoichiometry and manifold hydraulic diameter on the pressure drop are investigated. Furthermore, the effect of relative humidity of oxidants on the pressure drop of cathode are investigated. The results indicate that increase of the manifold hydraulic diameter leads to decrease of the pressure drop and a more uniform flow distribution at the cathode side when air is used as oxidant while utilization of humidified oxidant results in increase of pressure drop. It is demonstrated that for the inlet stoichiometry of 2 and U type manifold arrangement when the relative humidity increases from 25% to 75%, the pressure drop increases by 60.12% and 116.14% for oxygen and air, respectively. It is concluded that there is not a significant difference in pressure drop of U- and Z-type arrangements when oxygen is used as oxidant. When air is used as oxidant, the effect of manifold type arrangement is more significant than other cases, and increase of the stoichiometry ratio from 1.25 to 2.5 leads to increase of pressure drop by 527.3%.     

流形元法分析爆破振动对边坡动态稳定性影响

主要分析边坡动态稳定性问题,采用爆破地振波作动载荷,用流形元法对边坡进行分析,对一个岩石边坡上的裂隙岩块随地振波加载产生滑移破坏的过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明流形元法应用于爆破振动边坡稳定性研究是可行的。为类似问题的求解提出一种新的计算方法。     

防爆柴油机排气歧管冷却系统固流耦合热分析

防爆柴油机排气歧管采用夹层水套来冷却,由于管壁与烟气和冷却水之间的边界条件复杂,所以施加边界条件困难。固流耦合的办法可以将固、流结合面上比较难确定的外部边界转化为系统的内部边界。以6105FB防爆柴油机排气歧管为例,模拟排气岐管冷却系统的流场和温度场。试验证明该模型具有较高的精度。     

正反循环洗井快速转换管汇的研制

根据现有正反循环洗井转换操作中出现的问题，提出了正反循环洗井快速转换管汇的设计方案。对正反洗并快速转换管汇的结构组成、工作原理、操作使用进行了阐述。结果表明，该快速转换管汇原理可行，结构合理，工作可靠，可以大量推广使用。