Experimental study on the load bearing behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil bridge abutments with different facing conditions

This paper presents an experimental study on reduced-scale model tests of geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments with modular block facing, full-height panel facing, and geosynthetic wrapped facing to investigate the influence of facing conditions on the load bearing behavior. The GRS abutment models were constructed using sand backfill and geogrid reinforcement. Test results indicate that footing settlements and facing displacements under the same applied vertical stress generally increase from full-height panel facing abutment, to modular block facing abutment, to geosynthetic wrapped facing abutment. Measured incremental vertical and lateral soil stresses for the two GRS abutments with flexible facing are generally similar, while the GRS abutment with rigid facing has larger stresses. For the GRS abutments with flexible facing, maximum reinforcement tensile strain in each layer typically occurs under the footing for the upper reinforcement layers and near the facing connections for the lower layers. For the full-height panel facing abutment, maximum reinforcement tensile strains generally occur near the facing connections.     

Construction and analysis of photovoltaic directly coupled conditions in PEM electrolyzer

The Markov model and the PEM electrolyzer system model for directly coupled photovoltaic are combined to construct an efficient and reliable working condition that fits the fluctuation characteristics of solar energy. The working condition is designed through genetic algorithm so that the average coupling efficiency of the system can reach 98.8%. Then, the durability and recovery test are conducted on the basis of the constructed conditions. It is found that the attenuation rate at the current density of 1A/cm² under the photovoltaic fluctuating condition reached 7.8mV/h, which is twice that under the constant current condition. The charge transfer impedance (R_ct) is the main factor leading to the degradation. It is proved by the recovery experiment that the increase of R_ct is related to the pollution of metal ions. After pickling to remove some metal ions, R_ct can be significantly reduced by 46.8% and 65.2%, respectively. After the durability test, the voltammetric charges under the photovoltaic fluctuating condition and the constant current condition are reduced by 48.3% and 19.1% It indicates that the photovoltaic fluctuation condition will accelerate the attenuation of the effective reaction area of MEA, which is irreversible even after pickling. It can be observed from the SEM images that the catalyst layer of MEA has more obvious peeling under the photovoltaic fluctuation condition, which is not conducive to material transmission and destroys the transmission channel of ions and electrons. This result can provide a reliable reference for the coupling design of PEM electrolyzer and renewable energy in the future.     

基于音频特征的工程车辆工况识别研究

高效率地使用工程车辆是工程项目管理中节约成本的有效方法，无人监管环境下工程车辆的工况识别，是实现工程车辆高效率使用的有效手段。目前以GPS等技术为核心的车辆智能管理系统未对工程车辆进行工况识别，提出一种基于GRU循环神经网络的工程车辆工况识别方法，通过对工程车辆在不同工况下产生的音频信号进行分析，从中提取Mel倒谱系数作为主要特征，构建GRU循环神经网络模型进行训练和识别。实验结果表明，该方法可以实现对工程车辆工况的有效识别。     

Intrinsic Defect Limit to the Growth of Orthorhombic HfO2 and (Hf,Zr)O2 with Strong Ferroelectricity: First-Principles Insights

It is believed that promoting the fraction of ferroelectric orthorhombic phase (o-phase) through O-poor growth conditions can increase the spontaneous polarization of HfO₂ and (Hf,Zr)O₂ thin films. However, the first-principles calculations show that the growth may be limited by the easy formation of point defects in the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases of HfO₂, ZrO₂, and (Hf,Zr)O₂. Their dominant defects, O interstitial (O_i) under O-rich conditions and O vacancy (V_O) under O-poor condition, have low formation energies and quite high density (10¹⁶–10¹⁹ cm⁻³ for 800–1400 K growth temperature). Especially, O_i has negative formation energy in tetragonal HfO₂ under O-rich condition, causing non-stoichiometry and limiting the crystalline-seed formation during o-phase growth. High-density defects can cause disordering of dipole moments and increase leakage current, both diminishing the polarization. These results explain the experimental puzzle that the measured polarization is much lower than the ideal value even in O-poor thin films and highlight that controlling defects is as important as promoting the o-phase fraction for enhancing ferroelectricity. The O-intermediate condition (average of O-rich and O-poor conditions) and low growth temperature are proposed for fabricating HfO₂ and (Hf,Zr)O₂ with fewer defects, lower leakage current, and stronger ferroelectricity, which challenges the belief that O-poor condition is optimal.     

极限工况下的管网“互联互通”改进方案

在全国天然气管道“主干互联、区域成网”(以下简称“互联互通”)基础格局逐渐形成的背景下,天然气管网规模日益扩大、管道分支和气源增加,并且分布不集中、输送方向可变,使得输气方案更加灵活,可以更好地解决某些地域的供气紧张问题;但受现有站场和设备的限制,暂不能满足某些多线组合极限工况,使得“互联互通”的初衷难以全部实现。为了使得现有的各输气干线在实现“互联互通”之后可以满足更多的多线组合工况,在分析“互联互通”背景下M管网工况变化的基础上,研发了可以进行水力仿真和压气站方案制订的计算软件,并对3种极限工况下的不同输气量情况进行了可行性试算,进而基于试算结果提出了相应的管网改进建议。研究结果表明:(1)经验证,软件计算误差满足要求;(2)在M管道某处增设压气站或在某些输气站场配置压缩机组;(3) M管网改进调整后,可以完成大部分的多线组合极限工况,真正实现“互联互通”的输气方案。结论认为,该研究成果有助于推进全国天然气管网早日实现“互联互通”。     

车轮多边形磨耗统计规律及关键影响因素分析

针对列车车轮多边形磨耗问题广泛存在于轨道交通运输领域,会导致车辆/轨道系统产生高频的振动冲击,严重影响车辆和轨道系统零部件的使用寿命,危及行车安全这一问题,调查了大量车轮的多边形磨耗情况并进行统计分析,掌握了高速列车车轮多边形磨耗问题的现状和特点。以18～20阶多边形磨耗车辆为例,通过理论研究和试验分析(试验分析包括车辆系统振动特性测试和转向架模态特性测试),对车轮多边形磨耗的根本原因及诱导因素进行研究。研究发现,轮轨系统在580 Hz频率附近存在固有模态是导致车辆发生18～20阶多边形磨耗的根本原因,轮轨表面的各种不平顺能激发或者加剧轮轨系统在580 Hz频率附近的模态共振,从而诱发车轮多边形磨耗的产生。该结果可为高速列车车轮多边形磨耗问题的防止和进一步研究提供参考。     

机翼极限环颤振的CFD/CSD全隐式紧耦合方法

针对轴承振动实时状态监控的需要，从符号动力学角度提出了符号聚合近似与Lempel-ziv复杂度（SAX-LZC）融合的振动监控参数。首先，以Logistic映射和Duffing方程为对象，从理论角度验证了SAX-LZC对动力学结构表征的准确性，并验证了该指标的抗噪能力和计算效率；其次，将SAX-LZC指标与信息熵、样本熵、多分段Lempel-ziv复杂度等动力学参数性能进行了综合对比；最后，从实验角度对轴承早期微弱异常进行了监测，并对轴承典型故障进行了特征提取。理论研究结果表明，SAX-LZC具有动力学结构表征准确、抗噪能力好、计算高效简洁等优点，克服了常规动力学参数工程应用能力弱的问题。实验研究结果表明，SAX-LZC对早期微弱异常有准确的监测，对不同种类故障具有较好的区分度，弥补了时域和频域对轴承微弱故障表征能力不足的缺陷，是一种轴承振动实时状态监控与故障特征提取的有效参数。     

两种发酵方式柑橘果醋品质特性的比较

以柑橘为原料，在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验对柑橘果醋一次发酵法发酵条件进行优化，并对一次发酵法与二次发酵法制备的柑橘果醋的品质特性进行比较。结果表明，柑橘果醋一次发酵法最优发酵条件为酒精度6.0%vol、柑橘果汁含量为50%、发酵温度34 ℃，在此优化条件下，柑橘果醋中总酸含量为6.0%，酒精转化率为96.31%，分别比优化前提高了0.27%、5.24%。一次发酵法和二次发酵法制备的柑橘果醋中最高总酸含量无显著差异（P＞0.05），但一次发酵法的启动时间比二次发酵法延迟48 h，整个发酵时间延迟了24 h。以柑橘果汁为参比，一次发酵法与二次发酵法制备的柑橘果醋相比，黄色度（b*值）、透光率、嗅觉成分、味觉中的鲜味和丰富度更相近于柑橘果汁。     

生姜红糖风味发酵乳的制备

以生牛乳、白砂糖、红糖、生姜汁为主要原料，保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）为发酵剂，研制生姜红糖风味发酵乳。以酸度和感官评分为评价指标，通过单因素试验、正交试验优化生姜红糖风味发酵乳的工艺条件。结果表明，生姜红糖风味发酵乳的最佳工艺条件为白砂糖5.0%、红糖3.5%、生姜汁2.5%、发酵时间5.0 h。在此优化条件下，生姜红糖风味发酵乳呈红褐色，红糖风味浓郁，生姜味明显且辣感舒适，酸甜适中，组织细腻均匀，感官评分为93分，酸度为74.8 °T，蛋白质含量为2.89%，脂肪含量为3.17%，乳酸菌总数为5.1×108 CFU/g，致病菌未检出。产品质量指标满足国标GB 19302—2010《食品安全国家标准 发酵乳》要求。     

New batch and continuous systems for converting hydrogen from water hyacinth

Water hyacinth was the chosen alternative biomass for H₂ production in this study. A batch and a continuous pilot plant systems are proposed. A batch system of 500?ml capacity was developed first for finding an appropriate biomass ratio which was found to be 2.5%wt. Results from the batch system was used to construct a kinetic model of water hyacinth hydrolysis. The same biomass and water ratio was used in the continuous system. Besides water hyacinth, glucose and cellulose?+?lignin biomasses were tested. During processing, temperature, pressure, and electric consumption of the system were recorded. The quality and quantity of gas products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The water hyacinth biomass attained the highest rate of H₂ production (providing energy of 11.43?kWh/mole of glucose). Comparing the batch and continuous pilot systems, the continuous system achieved 2.7 times more H₂ mole% than the batch system did.