Pathways to controlled 3D deformation of graphene: Manipulating the motion of topological defects

Functional properties of 2D materials like graphene can be tailored by designing their 3D structure at the Angstrom to nanometer scale. While there are routes to tailoring 3D structure at larger scales, achieving controllable sub-micron 3D deformations has remained an elusive goal since the original discovery of graphene. In this contribution, we summarize the state-of-the-art in controllable 3D structures, and present our perspective on pathways to realizing atomic-scale control. We propose an approach based on strategic application of mechanical load to precisely relocate and position topological defects that give rise to curvature and corrugation to achieve a desired 3D structure. Realizing this approach requires establishing the detailed nature of defect migration and pathways in response to applied load. From a computational perspective, the key needed advances lie in the identification of defect migration mechanisms. These needed advances define new forward and inverse problems: when a fixed stress or strain field is applied, along which pathways will defects migrate?, and vice versa. We provide a formal statement of these forward and inverse problems, and review recent methods that may enable solving them. The forward problem is addressed by determining the potential energy surface of allowable topological configurations through Monte Carlo and Gaussian process models to determine defect migration paths through dynamic programming algorithms or Monte Carlo tree search. Two inverse models are suggested, one based on genetic algorithms and another on convolutional neural networks, to predict the applied loads that induce migration and position defects to achieve desired curvature and corrugation. The realization of controllable 3D structures enables a vast design space at multiple scales to enable new functionality in flexible electronics, soft robotics, biomimetics, optics, and other application areas.     

Ein Modell zur Berechnung des Verformungsverhaltens von horizontal hochzyklisch beanspruchten Pfählen

A model for the behavior of horizontally high‐cycle loaded piles For the prediction of the deformation for long or intermediate long piles under lateral high cycle load, embedded in non‐cohesive soil, a simplified engineering model for drained conditions is developed based on the high cycle accumulation (HCA) model of Niemunis , Wichtmann and Triantafyllidis [1]. The monotonic soil deformation under static load is approximated by elastic springs, placed around the pile, whereas the accumulation of soil deformations under cyclic loading is modelled by viscous dashpots (cyclic creep) according to the HCA model. In most instances this contemplation is physically validated by element tests. In conjunction with the pile the spring‐dashpot elements represent an elastically embedded beam system. Two versions of the model with a two‐sided arrangement of springs and dashpots on the Lee‐ and Luv‐side and a one‐sided arrangement only on the Lee‐side will be presented. The pile displacement prediction of the model is compared with the results obtained by existing engineering models already known in the literature and the solution of a 3‐D‐finite element simulation with the HCA model.     

影响有荷载膨胀率的因素分析

根据击实膨胀土在不同的荷载、含水量和压实度下的膨胀变形试验 ,分析了击实膨胀土在 3个因素下的膨胀变形规律 ,并通过考虑交互作用的正交试验设计 ,找出 3个因素的重要性大小 ,且两两无交互作用 ,从而推导出膨胀土地基的膨胀量的计算公式 .     

南京良辰美景小区地下车库堵漏治理

结合工程概况,介绍了南京良辰美景小区地下车库渗漏情况,分析了引起渗漏的原因,介绍了不同渗漏情况的治理方案及材料,以确保堵漏质量,保证了地下车库的正常使用。     

盾构法隧道引起的地表变形分析

在分析盾构法隧道引起地表变形的原因的基础上，将盾尾空隙的大小、注浆充填的程序、隧道壁面土体受扰动的程度和范围等对地层位移有着重要影响，而在实际工程中又难于分别量化的因素，概化为一均质、等厚的等代层，分析了地表变形对等代层参数的敏感性。在有实测位移的情况下，可运用位移反分析法较准确地获取等代层的参数。实例分析表明，这种处理方法用于实际工程中能取得合理的、令人满意的结果。     

地面堆载对临近地铁盾构隧道影响的研究综述

随着城市地铁规模不断扩大,地铁隧道临近区域经常会发生地面堆载的现象。地面堆载会引起隧道发生一定的纵向和横向变形,当地面堆载过大时甚至会导致地铁隧道衬砌管片发生破坏、管片之间接口处缝隙增大、连接管片之间的螺栓发生失效等现象。根据现有研究成果,到目前为止学者们关于地面堆载对隧道影响的内容可以总结成以下四个部分:纵向受力和变形,横向受力和变形,安全性评估,加固方法与效果研究。文中将关于地面堆载对临近地铁隧道的研究成果按照研究内容进行分类,并提出了现有研究的不足之处和需要进一步深入研究的方向。     

On transformations and shape functions for enhanced assumed strain elements

We summarize several previously published geometrically nonlinear EAS elements and compare their behavior. Various transformations for the compatible and enhanced deformation gradient are examined. Their effect on the patch test is one main concern of the work, and it is shown numerically and with a novel analytic proof that the improved EAS element proposed by Simo et al in 1993 does not fulfill the patch test. We propose a modification to overcome that drawback without losing the favorable locking-free behavior of that element. Furthermore, a new transformation for the enhanced field is proposed and motivated in a curvilinear coordinate frame. It is shown in numerical tests that this novel approach outperforms all previously introduced transformations.     

Thermal–structural analysis of large deployable space antenna under extreme heat loads

Large deployable space antennas may be exposed to severe thermal environments in future space missions; extreme heat loads will result in considerable thermal stresses and deformations which seriously affects the accuracy of the antenna's parabolic surface. In this study, thermal–structural finite element analysis of a deployable AstroMesh antenna under extreme heat loads was presented. Considering position and orientation with respect to the Sun and Earth, the antenna's temperature changing law under orbital heat fluxes was first evaluated to find the worst condition as loading point. Analyses for the antenna under different levels of extreme heat loads were then performed to obtain the temperature distributions utilizing an equivalent quarter antenna model. Based on the temperature calculation results and prestress designs, structural analyses were finally made to gain the resulting stresses and deformations. The analysis results show that the existing antenna may generate significant performance distortion under extreme thermal environments; so attentions for reliability and safety under such conditions should be taken seriously in future antenna works. Modeling and analysis method proposed in this article was validated to be contributive in antenna's thermal and precompensation designs.