利用人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变估算离体模拟局部照射剂量

多数电离辐射事故均为局部照射。对于局部照射剂量估算,国际原子能机构(IAEA)推荐采用Dolphin's 模型,该模型需推算出照射部位染色体畸变率,再代入离体均匀照射情况下建立的剂量效应曲线来估算局部照射剂量。准确推算照射部位染色体畸变率对于估算剂量十分重要,选用合适的剂量效应曲线对估算剂量也同样重要,而对于局部照射,关于不同剂量率剂量效应曲线对估算结果影响的报道还十分有限。基于此本研究利用人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变估算离体模拟局部照射剂量,分析不同剂量率剂量效应曲线对估算结果的影响。利用⁶⁰Co γ射线离体照射人外周血样品(样本A和样本B),剂量分别为1 Gy和5 Gy。将照射血与未照射血按25%和75%比例混合以模拟局部照射,分析混合血样中淋巴细胞的双着丝粒染色体(dicentric chromosome,dic)加着丝粒环(r),利用Dolphin's模型估算局部照射dic+r率,并用剂量率不同的两种剂量效应曲线估算局部照射剂量。结果显示,大部分混合血样dic+r分布不符合泊松分布,为过离散分布。利用与实际照射剂量率一致的剂量效应曲线估算的样品受照剂量大多与实际照射剂量比较接近,相对偏差在10%以内,但两样本的1 Gy 25%组的估算受照剂量与实际照射剂量偏差较大。利用与实际照射剂量率不一致的剂量效应曲线估算的样品受照剂量与实际照射剂量相对偏差均超过10%。结果表明dic+r分析用于估算离体模拟局部照射的剂量有可行性,采用剂量率和照射剂量率一致的剂量效应曲线估算的结果更为准确。     

高耸桥墩保护性爆破拆除关键技术

为解决高耸钢砼桥墩上部倾斜导致的工程质量不合格问题,采用保护性控制爆破将上部倾斜部分钢砼桥墩予以拆除,同时保留下部未偏斜部分桥墩不受破坏。采用开设组合形状切口,预开定向窗、导向窗;设置组合高差卸荷槽,预伤钢筋弱化抗压抗拉能力为关键措施的控制爆破方案。方案实施取得了十分满意的效果,上部拟拆除部分桥墩顺利倾倒下坠,下部保留部分桥墩完好无损。采用保护性控制爆破技术能高效、安全地解决类似高耸钢砼桥墩(构筑物)部分拆除、部分保留利用的问题,并能取得可观的经济、社会效益。     

Electrochemical Quantification of Neurotransmitters in Single Live Cell Vesicles Shows Exocytosis is Predominantly Partial

Exocytosis plays an essential role in the communication between cells in the nervous system. Understanding the regulation of neurotransmitter release during exocytosis and the amount of neurotransmitter content that is stored in vesicles is of importance, as it provides fundamental insights to understand how the brain works and how neurons elicit a certain behavior. In this minireview, we summarize recent progress in amperometric measurements for monitoring exocytosis in single cells and electrochemical cytometry measurements of vesicular neurotransmitter content in individual vesicles. Important steps have increased our understanding of the different mechanisms of exocytosis. Increasing evidence is firmly establishing that partial release is the primary mechanism of release in multiple cell types.     

A strategy to significantly improve the classification accuracy of LIBS data:application for the determination of heavy metals in Tegillarca granosa

Tegillarca granosa, as a popular seafood among consumers, is easily susceptible to pollution from heavy metals. Thus, it is essential to develop a rapid detection method for Tegillarca granosa. For this issue, five categories of Tegillarca granosa samples consisting of a healthy group; Zn, Pb, and Cd polluted groups; and a mixed pollution group of all three metals were used to detect heavy metal pollution by combining laser-induced breakdown spectrometry(LIBS) and the newly proposed linear regression classification-sum of rank difference(LRC-SRD)algorithm. As the comparison models, least regression classification(LRC), support vector machine(SVM), and k-nearest neighbor(KNN) and linear discriminant analysis were also utilized. Satisfactory accuracy(0.93) was obtained by LRC-SRD model and which performs better than other models. This demonstrated that LIBS coupled with LRC-SRD is an efficient framework for Tegillarca granosa heavy metal detection and provides an alternative to replace traditional methods.     

Novel BQCA- and TBPB-Derived M1 Receptor Hybrid Ligands: Orthosteric Carbachol Differentially Regulates Partial Agonism

Recently, investigations of the complex mechanisms of allostery have led to a deeper understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation and signaling processes. In this context, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are highly relevant due to their exemplary role in the study of allosteric modulation. In this work, we compare and discuss two sets of putatively dualsteric ligands, which were designed to connect carbachol to different types of allosteric ligands. We chose derivatives of TBPB [1-(1′-(2-tolyl)-1,4′-bipiperidin-4-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2(3H)-one] as M₁-selective putative bitopic ligands, and derivatives of benzyl quinolone carboxylic acid (BQCA) as an M₁ positive allosteric modulator, varying the distance between the allosteric and orthosteric building blocks. Luciferase protein complementation assays demonstrated that linker length must be carefully chosen to yield either agonist or antagonist behavior. These findings may help to design biased signaling and/or different extents of efficacy.     

Improvement of quantitative analysis of molybdenum element using PLS-based approaches for laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in various pressure environments

An experimental setup has been designed and realized in order to optimize the characteristics of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy system working in various pressure environments. An approach combined the normalization methods with the partial least squares(PLS) method are developed for quantitative analysis of molybdenum(Mo) element in the multi-component alloy,which is the first wall material in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. In this study, the different spectral normalization methods(total spectral area normalization,background normalization, and reference line normalization) are investigated for reducing the uncertainty and improving the accuracy of spectral measurement. The results indicates that the approach of PLS based on inter-element interference is significantly better than the conventional PLS methods as well as the univariate linear methods in the various pressure for molybdenum element analysis.