Development and simulation studies of an unsteady state biofilter model for the treatment of cyclic air emissions of an α‐pinene gas stream

This paper describes the development and simulation of an unsteady state biofilter model used to predict dynamic behaviour of cyclically‐operated biofilters and compares it with experimental results obtained from three, parallel, bench‐scale biofilters treating both periodically fluctuating concentrations and constant concentrations of an α‐pinene‐laden gas stream. The dynamic model, using kinetic parameters estimated from the constant concentration biofilter, was able to predict the performance of cyclic biofilters operating at short cycle periods (ie, in the order of minutes and hours). Steady state kinetic data from a constant concentration biofilter can be used to predict unsteady state biofilter operation. At a 24 h cycle period, the dynamic model compared well with experimental results. For long cycle periods (ie, hours and days), removal efficiency decreased after periods of non‐loading: the longer the period of non‐loading, the poorer the biofilter's performance at the re‐commencement of pollutant loading. At longer time scales the model did not effectively predict transient behaviour, as adsorption and changes in kinetic parameters were not accounted for. Modelling results showed that similar biofiltration performance for the cyclic and constant concentration biofiltration of α‐pinene is expected for biofilters operating solely in the first order kinetics regime. Poorer performance for cyclic biofilters following Monod kinetics spanning the entire kinetics range is expected as the cycle amplitude increases. The most important parameters affecting the performance of a cyclically‐operated biofilter with short cycle periods are: amplitude of cyclic fluctuations, C_{g, max}/C_g, relative value of the half‐saturation constant in the Monod expression, K_s, and effective diffusivity of α‐pinene in the biofilm, D_e. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Longitudinal elastic waves in columns due to earthquake motion

An analysis is presented of longitudinal waves in a thin elastic column. Velocity is specified at one end, and the boundary condition at the other end is expressed in terms of a range of effective impedances of an attached structure. Propagation, reflection and interference of the waves are followed by the method of characteristics. Integration of differential equations along characteristics yields the wave-induced stress, which is then applied to problems of earthquake excitation. Numerical examples are given for recorded updown ground motion of the Kobe Earthquake.     

Growth and morphology of nanometer LiMn2O4 powder

The growth of Li_1+xMn₂O₄ via detonation reaction was investigated with respect to the presence of an energetic precursor, such as the metallic nitrate and the degree of confinement of the explosive charge. The detonation products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Powder X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the products. Li_1+xMn₂O₄ with 1-2 μm spherical morphology and more uniform secondary particles, but with smaller primary particles of diameters from 20 to 60 nm and a variety of morphologies were found. The oxides produced by this cheap method affirmed the validity of detonation synthesis of nano-size powders.     

透过节能减排政策和制度看中国节能减排

随着世界人口的增长、现代工业的高速发展,不可再生资源遭到掠夺式开采、能源消耗几何级增长、环境污染程度大大超出了生态系统的承受能力。如何解决能源短缺与污染严重对经济和社会发展的影响已经成为世界性的难题,我国同样如此。因此,加强对节能减排体系的研究,对我国节能减排工作的开展具有非常重要的意义。对我国节能减排的政策和制度进行剖析,指出了我国节能减排政策、制度以及做法中存在的问题,并提出解决的方法。     

Lattice-based key exchange on small integer solution problem

In this paper, we propose a new hard problem, called bilateral inhomogeneous small integer solution （Bi-ISIS）, which can be seen as an extension of the small integer solution problem on lattices. The main idea is that, instead of choosing a rectangle matrix, we choose a square matrix with small rank to generate Bi-ISIS problem without affecting the hardness of the underlying SIS problem. Based on this new problem, we present two new hardness problems： computational Bi-ISIS and decisional problems. As a direct application of these problems, we construct a new lattice-based key exchange （KE） protocol, which is analogous to the classic Diffie- Hellman KE protocol. We prove the security of this protocol and show that it provides better security in case of worst-case hardness of lattice problems, relatively efficient implementations, and great simplicity.     

The method of fundamental solutions for problems in static thermo-elasticity with incomplete boundary data

An inverse problem in static thermo-elasticity is investigated. The aim is to reconstruct the unspecified boundary data, as well as the temperature and displacement inside a body from over-specified boundary data measured on an accessible portion of its boundary. The problem is linear but ill-posed. The uniqueness of the solution is established but the continuous dependence on the input data is violated. In order to reconstruct a stable and accurate solution, the method of fundamental solutions is combined with Tikhonov regularization where the regularization parameter is selected based on the L-curve criterion. Numerical results are presented in both two and three dimensions showing the feasibility and ease of implementation of the proposed technique.     

Computing Green's function of the initial-boundary value problem for the wave equation in a layered cylinder

A new analytical method for the approximate computation of the time-dependent Green's function for the initial-boundary value problem of the three-dimensional wave equation on multi-layered bounded cylinder is suggested in this paper. The method is based on the derivation of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for an ordinary differential equation with piecewise constant coefficients, and an approximate computation of Green's function in the form of the Fourier series with a finite number of terms relative to the orthogonal set of the derived eigenfunctions. The computational experiment confirms the robustness of the method.     

Solution of impulsive boundary value problems on infinite intervals

In this paper, the upper and lower solution method and monotone iterative technique are employed to study the boundary value problem for a class of first-order impulsive ordinary differential equations with Carathéodory condition on infinite intervals. Several existence theorems are obtained.     

受控振动柱体对波浪影响的数值模拟研究

以不可压缩黏性流体的Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,利用VOF方法追踪运动的自由表面的方法,建立了三维数值波浪与振动柱体相互作用的模型.基于经典绕射理论验证了波浪绕固定柱体传播的数值模型的可靠性,再采用动边界技术赋予柱体振动规律,研究受控振动柱体对波浪传播的影响,并通过控制柱体初始振动相位变化,系统地给出了在柱体振动的不同初始相位下柱体前后波浪变化的规律.