Effects of the number of benzene rings on the properties of single-source ZrC-based liquid precursors and nano zirconium carbide powders thereof

Effects of carbon source in single-source ZrC-based liquid precursors on the properties of the precursors and precursor-derived nano ZrC powders were investigated. The liquid precursors were prepared by directly blending and heating zirconium n-butoxide with either 2,4-pentanedione, benzoyl acetone or 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione additives which have the same chemical composition and structure except for the number of benzene rings (0, 1 and 2, respectively) in order to control the carbon content in the precursors. The ceramic yield of the precursor decreased as the number of benzene rings in the precursors increased. The stability of the precursors in air and the carbon content of the ceramic powder increased when using 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione additive. X-ray pure nano zirconium carbide powders with ultra-fine size (30 nm), isotropic shape and homogeneous particle size distribution were synthesized from the liquid precursors containing two benzene rings in the structure. Compared with ZrC powders derived from the precursors containing zero or one benzene ring, the powder from the precursor containing two benzene rings was finer and more homogeneous in size distribution.     

Stochastic polynomial optimization

ABSTRACT

This paper studies stochastic optimization problems with polynomials. We propose an optimization model with sample averages and perturbations. The Lasserre-type Moment-SOS relaxations are used to solve the sample average optimization. Properties of the optimization and its relaxations are studied. Numerical experiments are presented.     

Analysis of color volume of multi‐chromatic displays using gamut rings

There are claims that multi‐chromatic displays can achieve a wider color gamut by the use of additional highly saturated secondary color channels. However, there are other claims that these displays lose lightness and/or color saturation at brighter levels. These apparently divergent views have led to some controversy in the display industry and at standard setting organizations. This study examines the color gamut volume for a variety of simulated and measured multi‐chromatic (sometimes incorrectly referred to as “multi‐primary”) displays using combinations of white and/or secondary color channels, such as cyan, magenta, and yellow. Furthermore, a two‐dimensional gamut representation, referred to as “gamut rings,” is introduced to illustrate that the addition of nonprimary optical color channels to a trichromatic (RGB) display can result in a significant decrease in the chroma at higher lightness levels. The additional saturated color channels can increase the gamut volume only around their hues at darker levels. The results also confirm the validity of comparing the color light output and white light output for revealing the design trade‐offs between the high‐peak white and the color‐image brightness for multi‐chromatic displays.     

Stochastic collocation-based nonlinear analysis of concrete bridges with uncertain parameters

This paper focuses on the stochastic response of concrete bridges considering uncertainty in bearing and abutment stiffness. A multi-span simply supported bridge with concrete girders is selected. A 3D-dimensional model is prepared, and nonlinear response history analyses are performed. For the numerical dynamic simulation, the non-sampling stochastic method based on generalized polynomial chaos (gPC) expansion is utilised. The uncertain parameters include the vertical and shear stiffness of bearings and the lateral stiffness of abutments are presented by the truncated gPC expansions. Furthermore, the system response such as base shear, acceleration, velocity and displacement in different columns is presented by gPC expansion with unknown deterministic coefficients. The stochastic Galerkin projection is employed to calculate a set of deterministic equations. A non-intrusive solution, as a set of collocation points, determines the unknown gPC coefficients of the system response and the results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations. The key advantage of spectral discretization is the combination of the mentioned method with the spatial discretization, e.g. finite element model. This study also emphasises the accuracy in results and time efficiency of the proposed non-sampling method for uncertainty quantification of stochastic systems comparing to sampling procedure (e.g. Monte Carlo simulation).     

Rhombellation: a builder for multi-shell clusters

Rhombellanes are mathematical structures, proposed by us in 2017; they may appear both in periodic crystals or in finite structures. The simplest rhombellane is rbl.5 or K_2.3, the complete bipartite graph. In this paper, rhombellation operation is iteratively applied on three classes of structures: cube, tori and cubic pcu-network, respectively. The structural topological parameters are detailed.     

Improved error bound for multivariate Chebyshev polynomial interpolation

ABSTRACT

Chebyshev interpolation is a highly effective, intensively studied method and enjoys excellent numerical properties which provides tremendous application potential in mathematical finance. The interpolation nodes are known beforehand, implementation is straightforward and the method is numerically stable. For efficiency, a sharp error bound is essential, in particular for high-dimensional applications. For tensorized Chebyshev interpolation, we present an error bound that improves existing results significantly.     

An enhanced data-driven polynomial chaos method for uncertainty propagation

As a novel type of polynomial chaos expansion (PCE), the data-driven PCE (DD-PCE) approach has been developed to have a wide range of potential applications for uncertainty propagation. While the research on DD-PCE is still ongoing, its merits compared with the existing PCE approaches have yet to be understood and explored, and its limitations also need to be addressed. In this article, the Galerkin projection technique in conjunction with the moment-matching equations is employed in DD-PCE for higher-dimensional uncertainty propagation. The enhanced DD-PCE method is then compared with current PCE methods to fully investigate its relative merits through four numerical examples considering different cases of information for random inputs. It is found that the proposed method could improve the accuracy, or in some cases leads to comparable results, demonstrating its effectiveness and advantages. Its application in dealing with a Mars entry trajectory optimization problem further verifies its effectiveness.     

Design and analysis adaptivity in multiresolution topology optimization

Multiresolution topology optimization (MTO) methods involve decoupling of the design and analysis discretizations, such that a high-resolution design can be obtained at relatively low analysis costs. Recent studies have shown that the MTO method can be approximately 3 and 30 times faster than the traditional topology optimization method for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) problems, respectively. To further exploit the potential of decoupling analysis and design, we propose a dp-adaptive MTO method, which involves locally increasing/decreasing the polynomial degree of the shape functions (p) and the design resolution (d). The adaptive refinement/coarsening is performed using a composite refinement indicator that includes criteria based on analysis error, presence of intermediate densities, as well as the occurrence of design artifacts referred to as QR-patterns. While standard MTO must rely on filtering to suppress QR-patterns, the proposed adaptive method ensures efficiently that these artifacts are suppressed in the final design, without sacrificing the design resolution. The applicability of the dp-adaptive MTO method is demonstrated on several 2D mechanical design problems. For all the cases, significant speedups in computational time are obtained. In particular for design problems involving low material volume fractions, speedups of up to a factor of 10 can be obtained over the conventional MTO method.     

旋转叶片电加热防冰系统设计与应用

在开展结冰试验时，结冰风洞风扇叶片前缘有结冰风险，影响风洞安全运行。针对大型旋转叶片结冰问题，提出了旋转叶片电加热防冰系统设计方法，研制了大型结冰风洞旋转叶片电加热防冰系统。首先，研制了内置电加热单元和温度反馈的防冰叶片。针对叶片复杂的工作环境，提出一种新的旋转叶片电加热防冰功率计算方法，通过精确测量和方案优化，设计了基于特殊环境的分半式、大尺寸、高线速度、碳刷自动移开/压紧的导电滑环。最后，采用变结构分级温度闭环和试验参数连锁防冰控制策略解决了旋转叶片结冰问题。该系统已应用于大型结冰风洞，运行中加热电流和叶片温度反馈信号传输连续，所有旋转叶片前缘快速加热且温度分布均匀，防冰效果好。     

采用磁流变阻尼器的人体座椅悬架系统模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制技术研究

对座椅悬架用单出杆式磁流变阻尼器进行阻尼特性试验,并借助MATLAB多项式拟合工具箱对改进多项式模型中未知参数进行辨识。分析人体振动特性,建立五自由度人体座椅悬架模型。综合模糊控制器与自适应模糊神经推理系统(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System,ANFIS)整定PID控制器的优点,提出一种模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制策略。采用正弦信号作为外界激励,分别对被动悬架、传统模糊控制、ANFIS-PID控制及模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制人体座椅悬架系统进行仿真分析。结果表明,辨识得出的参数和建立的改进多项式模型均可满足后续仿真要求;采用模糊ANFIS-PID复合控制策略的隔振效果明显优于传统模糊控制及ANFIS-PID控制,能有效改善人体座椅悬架系统的行驶平顺性及驾乘人员乘坐舒适性。