Plant Copper Amine Oxidases: Key Players in Hormone Signaling Leading to Stress-Induced Phenotypic Plasticity

Polyamines are ubiquitous, low-molecular-weight aliphatic compounds, present in living organisms and essential for cell growth and differentiation. Copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) oxidize polyamines to aminoaldehydes releasing ammonium and hydrogen peroxide, which participates in the complex network of reactive oxygen species acting as signaling molecules involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. CuAOs have been identified and characterized in different plant species, but the most extensive study on a CuAO gene family has been carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana. Growing attention has been devoted in the last years to the investigation of the CuAO expression pattern during development and in response to an array of stress and stress-related hormones, events in which recent studies have highlighted CuAOs to play a key role by modulation of a multilevel phenotypic plasticity expression. In this review, the attention will be focused on the involvement of different AtCuAOs in the IAA/JA/ABA signal transduction pathways which mediate stress-induced phenotypic plasticity events.     

Functional Coupling of Slack Channels and P2X3 Receptors Contributes to Neuropathic Pain Processing

The sodium-activated potassium channel Slack (K_Na1.1, Slo2.2, or Kcnt1) is highly expressed in populations of sensory neurons, where it mediates the sodium-activated potassium current (I_KNa) and modulates neuronal activity. Previous studies suggest that Slack is involved in the processing of neuropathic pain. However, mechanisms underlying the regulation of Slack activity in this context are poorly understood. Using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings we found that Slack-mediated I_KNa in sensory neurons of mice is reduced after peripheral nerve injury, thereby contributing to neuropathic pain hypersensitivity. Interestingly, Slack is closely associated with ATP-sensitive P2X3 receptors in a population of sensory neurons. In vitro experiments revealed that Slack-mediated I_KNa may be bidirectionally modulated in response to P2X3 activation. Moreover, mice lacking Slack show altered nocifensive responses to P2X3 stimulation. Our study identifies P2X3/Slack signaling as a mechanism contributing to hypersensitivity after peripheral nerve injury and proposes a potential novel strategy for treatment of neuropathic pain.     

Deterministic and probabilistic ship pitch prediction using a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing,reinforcement learning and improved QRNN

The deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship motion is important for safe navigation and stable real-time operational control of ships at sea. However, the volatility and randomness of ship motion, the non-adaptive nature of single predictors and the poor coverage of quantile regression pose serious challenges to uncertainty prediction, making research in this field limited. In this paper, a multi-predictor integration model based on hybrid data preprocessing, reinforcement learning and improved quantile regression neural network (QRNN) is proposed to explore the deterministic and probabilistic prediction of ship pitch motion. To validate the performance of the proposed multi-predictor integrated prediction model, an experimental study is conducted with three sets of actual ship longitudinal motions during sea trials in the South China Sea. The experimental results indicate that the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the proposed model of deterministic prediction are 0.0254°, 0.0359°, and 0.0188°, respectively. Taking series #2 as an example, the prediction interval coverage probabilities (PICPs) of the proposed model of probability predictions at 90%, 95%, and 99% confidence levels (CLs) are 0.9400, 0.9800, and 1.0000, respectively. This study signifies that the proposed model can provide trusted deterministic predictions and can effectively quantify the uncertainty of ship pitch motion, which has the potential to provide practical support for ship early warning systems.     

鸡枞菌锥形削根装置设计

针对鸡枞菌人工锥形削根速度慢、一致性差等问题,设计了锥形削根装置。该装置采用两个对称布置的四连杆机构,连杆刀片运动轨迹呈腰形,两个刀片的直线工作段形成圆锥包络,实现鸡枞菌根部锥形切削。装有摄像头的机械臂识别、抓取并精确控制鸡枞菌进入切削区域的深度,实现精准切削。试验结果表明:两个连杆刀片在0.8s内共进行12次作业,完成锥形切削;装置可在6s内实现1个鸡枞菌的抓取、切削、分级,不仅速度快,且一致性更好。以菇柄直径为12mm的鸡枞菌为例,对比人工削根形成的7棱、6棱、5棱和4棱锥,试验装置削根可分别减少7.5%,9.1%,13.9%,24.4%的根部浪费率。     

滚齿工艺对齿根粗糙度的影响

针对国内外风电和工业齿轮箱轻量化的设计趋势,较低的安全系数对齿轮齿根弯曲强度提出了更为严格的要求。研究表明,在材料技术和齿形设计难以再优化的情况下,滚齿加工的粗糙度,尤其是齿根部位的粗糙度对齿轮弯曲强度的影响尤为敏感。针对滚齿工艺过程,从滚齿加工参数、刀具前刀面粗糙度和刀具刃口圆角三方面进行分析,验证其对齿根粗糙度的影响。     

The vibration and pull-in mechanism of two coupled elastically restrained beams assembly subjected to electrostatic force

ABSTRACT

The novel model of the coupled beam-type electrodes with elastic roots, subjected to the AC and DC voltages is constructed. The exact critical pull-in voltage of the two coupled elastically restrained beams with size effect is presented. The analytical method of the general system subjected to the AC and DC voltages simultaneously is presented. The characteristic mechanism of coupled vibration is investigated.     

棘孢木霉T-6对烟草促生及对黑胫病和根黑腐病的抗病作用

利用生防菌防治土传病害是植物病害防治中的重要措施，在温室盆栽条件下研究了棘孢木霉T-6对烟草促生和抗病效果。结果表明，棘孢木霉T-6对烟草黑胫病菌、烟草根黑腐病菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别达49.62%、59.23%；温室盆栽条件下，棘孢木霉T-6对黑胫病和根黑腐病的防治效果分别达到74.45%和75.14%。棘孢木霉T-6处理后提高了烟草叶片叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量和超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶的活性，棘孢木霉T-6处理的烟株生长状况明显好于对照。棘孢木霉T-6能够促进烟株生长和提高烟草对黑胫病和根黑腐病的抗性，具有良好的应用潜力。