Inversion,chemical complexity,and interstitial transport in spinels

Spinels with the generic chemical formula AB₂O₄ have potential applications in nuclear energy and batteries. In both cases, their functionality is related to mass transport through the crystal. Here, using long-time atomistic simulations, we examine the impact of the cation structure on interstitial transport in two spinel chemistries, inverse MgGa₂O₄ and double MgAlGaO₄. We emphasize two aspects of the transport properties: the unit mechanisms that are described by individual barriers, for which we introduce pole-figure-like plots, and the aggregate behavior of those unit mechanisms. Compared to previous work on normal spinels, we find that inversion significantly reduces the rate of interstitial transport in these structures and has an impact on the stability of defects as they move through the lattice. In particular, B cation interstitials are found to be kinetically stable only in the inverse MgGa₂O₄. These results provide new insight into relationship between structure, chemistry, and transport in spinels.     

Systematic convergence of nonlinear stochastic estimators on the Special Orthogonal Group SO(3)

This paper introduces two novel nonlinear stochastic attitude estimators developed on the Special Orthogonal Group with the tracking error of the normalized Euclidean distance meeting predefined transient and steady‐state characteristics. The tracking error is confined to initially start within a predetermined large set such that the transient performance is guaranteed to obey dynamically reducing boundaries and decrease smoothly and asymptotically to the origin in probability from almost any initial condition. The proposed estimators produce accurate attitude estimates with remarkable convergence properties using measurements obtained from low‐cost inertial measurement units. The estimators proposed in continuous form are complemented by their discrete versions for the implementation purposes. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed estimators against uncertain measurements and large initialization error, whether in continuous or discrete form.     

Images of a First‐Order Spin‐Reorientation Phase Transition in a Metallic Kagome Ferromagnet

First‐order phase transitions, where one phase replaces another by virtue of a simple crossing of free energies, are best known between solids, liquids, and vapors, but they also occur in a wide range of other contexts, including even elemental magnets. The key challenges are to establish whether a phase transition is indeed first order, and then to determine how the new phase emerges because this will determine thermodynamic and electronic properties. Here it is shown that both challenges are met for the spin reorientation transition in the topological metallic ferromagnet Fe₃Sn₂. The magnetometry and variable temperature magnetic force microscopy experiments reveal that, analogous to the liquid–gas transition in the temperature–pressure plane, this transition is centered on a first‐order line terminating in a critical end point in the field‐temperature plane. The nucleation and growth associated with the transition is directly imaged, indicating that the new phase emerges at the most convoluted magnetic domain walls for the high temperature phase and then moves to self‐organize at the domain centers of the high temperature phase. The dense domain patterns and phase coexistence imply a complex inhomogenous electronic structure, which can yield anomalous contributions to the electrical conductivity.     

多尺度高阶FDTD逆时偏移在煤田地震勘探中的应用

目前煤田地震勘探的主要难点是深部复杂构造的成像。随着逆时偏移技术的发展，针对煤田地震勘探，如何在保证偏移成像精度的前提下，提高成像计算效率是急需解决的问题之一。从成像区域网格离散化的角度出发，针对高速层过采样和低速夹层采样不足问题，提出赋予研究对象多尺度网格的概念，具有较好的灵活性，能够对同一个地质模型采用疏密结合的方式成像。首先，根据速度模型设计多尺度网格模型，低速区域采用小尺度网格覆盖，高速区域采用大尺度网格覆盖;其次，采用高阶FDTD方法计算多尺度模型内各点的波场值，尤其过渡带内的点;最后，根据成像条件完成地下介质的逆时偏移成像。实验结果表明在保证模拟相同阶数精度条件下，多尺度逆时偏移方法比传统方法计算效率平均提升25.05%。     

砂砾岩含水层下综放开采导水裂隙演化及防治水措施

以伊犁矿区第三系砂砾岩含水层下综放开采为工程背景，利用相似模拟实验研究了采动引起覆岩的破断特征。结果表明，工作面推进到135 m左右，裂隙带即与砂砾岩含水层贯通，这对于6-7煤层安全高效开采造成较大威胁。为了保障工作面回采安全，设计了超前探放水钻孔，累计泄水量344 800 m³，大幅度减少了对粗砂岩流砂层的补给作用；对首采综放工作面现场观测表明，垮落到采空区的粗砂岩流砂层成为湿润的固体砂，固体砂覆盖于采空区又起到防灭火的作用，对矿井安全生产十分有利。     

Reduced basis method for managed pressure drilling based on a model with local nonlinearities

To circumvent restrictions of conventional drilling methods, such as slow control actions and inability to drill depleted reservoirs, a drilling method called managed pressure drilling (MPD) has been developed. In MPD, single-phase flow processes can be modeled as a feedback interconnection of a high-order linear system and a low-order nonlinear system. These nonlinearities appear locally both inside and at the boundaries of the computational domain. To obtain a fast simulation platform for real-time purposes (eg, online model-based controller implementation), model order reduction is required for MPD. However, the local nonlinearities render applying model order reduction techniques challenging. In this study, a new approach is proposed to deal with such nonlinearities within the reduced basis (RB) context and it is successfully tested on a model for MPD. Contrary to the classical RB technique, the proposed approach not only does not generate nonphysical spikes at the locations of these local nonlinearities but also yields high speedup factors. The obtained reduced-order model can be used for efficient online simulation and controller design for drilling systems with MPD.     

Hybrid make-to-stock and make-to-order systems: a taxonomic review

Production planning and control (PPC) systems that employ aspects from both make-to-order (MTO) and make-to-stock (MTS) production control are known as hybrid MTS/MTO systems. While both MTO and MTS separately have been studied extensively, their combined use has received less attention. However, the literature on this topic is growing and this paper shows that the review performed in this paper is an important addition to the field. We categorise relevant literature according to a novel taxonomy and show that hybrid MTS/MTO production control can be used in different contexts. In addition, an overview of the modelling techniques and methods used in these papers is provided. Based on the reviewed literature, relevant research questions and directions for future research are identified. Finally, it is shown that hybrid MTS/MTO production control is prevalent in practice by discussing research with industrial applications. The paper contains an overview of research on hybrid MTS/MTO production control to be used as reference for researchers active in the field, and provides managerial insights and directions for future research on this topic.     

基于PFC~(3D)对无底柱分段崩落法结构参数优化研究

为了减少矿山企业的采矿成本,提高矿山的经济效益,对无底柱分段崩落法的结构参数、多分段放矿等方面进行研究,分析与矿石的回收率和贫化率的关系。探讨以大间距结构参数为理论基础,结合矿山的实际放矿参数,确定正交试验因素,采用室内多分段放矿模型,分别对低贫化放矿和矿山现行截止品位放矿进行了试验,分别分析放矿结构参数与矿石回收率和贫化率的关系。采用计算机PFC~(3D)软件模拟低贫化放矿,将模拟所得数据采用回贫差因素分析方法进行分析,利用ORIGIN软件采用响应面法拟合函数分析回贫差和结构参数的关系,最后分析矿石回贫差与无底柱分段崩落法各结构参数的关系,结果表明提出的该矿山的无底柱分段崩落法结构参数为最优值。     

Iron Powder Third Body Contribution to Friction Performance of Copper-Matrix Friction Composites

Iron third body contribution to friction performance of copper-matrix friction composites was explored by adding prefabricated iron powder into the friction surface. Friction tests were carried out under a sliding speed (V) range of 1.57–23.55 m/s and contact pressures (P) of 0.25–0.51?MPa by a pin-on-disc tribometer. These showed that an iron third body increased the friction coefficient when P ? V <2 75, and the average friction coefficient increment was 0.04 (7.29%). The reason was that iron third bodies played the role of abrasives, promoting an engaging force between the friction couple. When P ? V > 275, the average friction coefficient decrement was 0.04 (8.59%). This was because of oxidation of the iron third body, such that a smooth and dense oxide film was formed on the surface, assisting in a friction coefficient reduction.